出口学习、研发效应与企业生产率提升——来自中国制造业企业的经验证据

基于异质性企业理论的相关国内文献,大多集中在检验中国企业是否存在"出口学习效应",对如何产生"出口学习效应"的具体机理较少涉及。本文认为,产生"出口学习效应"的主要原因来自企业出口后的研发概率与绩效更高,在出口过程中企业会更有可能选择研发投入,且带来的生产率提升更为显著;本文以2004-2007年中国工业企业数据库为样本,基于多达100万个样本点的大数据进行实证检验,结论认为:中国制造业企业出口后选择研发投入的可能性会增加21.63%,而研发投入的选择,给这类企业带来了每年约7.3%的生产率提升。中国企业的出口不仅可以发挥比较优势,解决劳动力就业问题,同时也是为中国制造业企业更加自主选择研发投入,并在中长期提升生产率,获得动态优势的重要途径。     

加强机关行政效能建设 加快北部湾经济区发展——二论提升广西北部湾经济区战略地位问题

广西经济发展所处的竞争环境迫切要求转变机关工作作风、加强机关行政效能建设。国家批准实施《广西北部湾经济区发展规划》的机遇要求我们苦练“内功”,切实加强机关行政效能建设。广西加强机关行政效能建设的重点应当是北部湾经济区,以加快北部湾经济区开放开发步伐,切实提升北部湾经济区的战略地位。     

Heterogeneous MNC subsidiaries and technological spillovers: Explaining positive and negative effects in India

One of the most intriguing aspects of the recent empirical literature on FDI-related spillover effects is the increasing identification of mixed results. A few studies, particularly in advanced countries have found positive effects; however, a more common scenario in recent studies is the prevalence of insignificant or even negative effects. This is despite the fact that theory predicts substantial positive effects in association with a supposed technological superiority of MNCs relative to domestic firms, particularly in the context of less advanced countries. In this paper, by distinguishing subsidiaries according to their orientation to carry out creative vs. exploitation activities in the host economy, we are able to distinguish situations with positive and negative spillover effects, and we explain why they may be emerging. More specifically, we find that only subsidiaries that are oriented to technologically creative activities have a significantly positive effect in India. In contrast, subsidiaries oriented mostly to technologically exploitative activities generate negative effects in some circumstances. The implications for theory and policy are discussed.     

基于网络环境下的成人教育成本分析

本文以教育经济学理论为基础,结合网络成人教育的具体特点,从网络教育成本分析的意义、成本分类及构成、成本核算、成本函数模型及成本收益分析等方面对网络成人教育成本进行分析和探讨,结果表明网络成人教育与传统成人教育相比具有较明显的成本优势,网络教育对于促进我国教育事业的发展具有重要意义.     

竞争优势、外部经济与发达区域市场可持续发展--以浙江义乌小商品市场为例

发达区域市场面临内部市场模式趋同和外部新兴市场竞争的挑战。本文在实地调研的基础上,对义乌市场的现状和竞争力深入分析后,认为：目前发达区域市场的竞争优势主要体现在一定差异化基础上的低成本优势。要在未来保持可持续发展,发达区域市场不能过多关注低成本竞争,而应通过战略新定位,通过市场模式的升级,创造出显著差异性优势。最后,文章对发达区域市场未来发展的路径选择提出了有价值的建议。     

东亚经济体成功跨越“中等技术陷阱”的经验

20世纪后半叶,少数东亚经济体基于技术进步和产业升级成功跨越“中等技术陷阱”。这些经济体如何善用外来引进的技术,然后追赶、超越中等技术水平,步入技术进步的前沿？这段历史对我国跨越“中等技术陷阱”有着很强的启示作用。文章以日本、韩国、中国台湾和新加坡为研究对象,从外部及内部两方面梳理这些经济体成功的共同要素：从外部来看,这些经济体享有宽松自由的国际环境,人才、商品与资金的跨境流动成为技术扩散和创新的重要载体;从内部来看,这些经济体受益于逐步市场化的政策环境、高质量的教育体系与开放的人力资本,能够把基础科研成果转化为应用技术的企业科创系统,以及具有本土特色的金融体系。     

Moral Economies in Science: From Ideal to Pragmatic

In the following pages we discuss three historical cases of moral economies in science: Drosophila genetics, late twentieth century American astronomy, and collaborations between American drug companies and medical scientists in the interwar years. An examination of the most striking differences and similarities between these examples, and the conflicts internal to them, reveals constitutive features of moral economies, and the ways in which they are formed, negotiated, and altered. We critically evaluate these three examples through the filters of rational choice, utility, and American pragmatism, using the latter to support the conclusion that there is no single vision of moral economies in science and no single theory—moral, political, social—that will explain them. These filters may not be the only means through which to evaluate the moral economies examined, but aspects of each appear prominent in all three cases. In addition, explanations for decisions are often given in the language of these theories, both at the macro (policy) level and at the local level of the moral economies we discuss. In light of such factors, the use of these frameworks seems justified. We begin with an attempt to define the nature of moral economies, then move to a consideration of scientific communities as moral communities operating within material and other constraints which we relate to wider questions of political economy and societal accountabilities.

Pacarayasara : a perturbing voice in Thai journalism

Abstract

This study documents the growth of the discourse of ‘god‐king’ (devaraja) around Thailand's King Bhumibol and explores how Brahmanical symbolisms of royal absolutism have acquired renewed potency alongside Buddhism as a basis of political legitimation in 21st century Thailand. Previous studies have interpreted the growing trend for Thailand's constitutional monarch to be represented as a ‘demi‐divine’ ‘virtual god‐king’ to reflect an ideological strategy set in train by mid‐20th century authoritarian military rule. However, political processes alone do not account fully for the persistence and intensification of this phenomenon since the end of military dictatorship. The pre‐modern discourse of ‘god‐king’ has also been given new life by visual media and the spectralisation of life under neoliberalism, which together produce a regime of representation that auraticises King Bhumibol. These technologies of enchantment have permitted emerging prosperity religions to be harnessed to a conservative nationalist agenda and, together with Thailand's strictly policed lese‐majesty law, have institutionalised a commodified and mass‐mediatised ideology of magico‐divine royal power that works to legitimate King Bhumibol's acquisition of political influence.     

Representation matters: An exploration of the socio-economic impacts of ICT-enabled public value in the context of sub-Saharan economies

In this investigation we use a modified Networked Readiness Index (NRI) framework to investigate whether (1) ICT capabilities impact public value creation, and (2) if the public value is associated with the socio-economic impact of ICT capabilities. In the case of this study the construct Public Value is represented via two different proxies. In the first case we use a perception-based measure of public value (as represented by the World Government Indicators) and in the second case we use a surrogate objective measure (as represented by the Cost of Business Startup Procedures (CBSP)). We use a six-step multi-method methodology that involves Cluster Analysis, Correlation Analysis, Decision Trees Induction, Data Envelopment Analysis, Association Rules Mining, and Ordinary Least Squares regression to conduct the inquiry in the context of 26 Sub-Saharan (SSA) economies. Results of our data analysis include: 1) the set of economies with better developed ICT Capabilities are relatively more efficient in converting ICT Capabilities into Public Value than the relatively poorer economies with less developed ICT Capabilities; 2) High levels of ICT capabilities in the areas of Affordability Readiness, Skills Readiness, the Political & Regulatory Environment, and Business Usage allow for relatively more efficient generation of Public Value.     

民族经济学是人本经济学——评刘永佶主编《民族经济学》

中央民族大学刘永佶教授主编的《民族经济学》作为“985工程”中国民族地区经济社会发展与公共管理哲学社会科学创新基地学术出版物2007年9月由中国经济出版社出版。全书共12章38万字。通观全书,有一条红线贯穿始终。这就是以人为本的经济学理念和否定物本经济学的学术勇气。该书对于正确把握人与人、人与社会、人与自然的三大关系或三大矛盾,具有重要的理论意义和学术价值。