重大突发公共卫生事件政府回应效果影响因素研究——基于2011—2020年我国36起重大突发公共卫生事件的实证分析

[目的/意义]通过对2011—2020年我国发生的重大突发公共卫生事件进行分析,以期为政府机构防范和应对重大突发公共卫生事件提供参考。[方法/过程]广泛查找文献,搜集2011—2020年我国发生的重大突发公共卫生事件,筛选出10年间我国发生的36起重大突发公共卫生事件作为研究样本,分析重大突发公共卫生事件政府回应效果及事件属性、传播、舆情、应对基本状况,考察重大突发公共卫生事件政府回应效果影响因素。[结果/结论]重大突发公共卫生事件类型分布、曝光速度、谣言传播、舆情性质、舆情解决情况、应对主体、应对速度、处置结果对政府回应效果具有显著影响,而最为显著影响政府回应效果的因素依次为事件谣言传播、舆情解决情况和曝光速度。     

The Prevalence and Comorbidity of Specific Phobias in College Students and Their Interest in Receiving Treatment

While the prevalence of specific phobias and social phobias is believed to be high in the general adult population, little data exists regarding the prevalence of these fears among college students. This paper describes an epidemiological study that surveyed 813 college students regarding the severity of fears experienced toward 12 objects and situations. In addition, this study assessed for students' interest in seeking therapy for these fears at their university's counseling or mental health center. The data suggest that fears of spiders (34% of the total sample), public speaking (31%), snakes (22%), heights (18%), and injections (16%) are quite common among college students, and 18% of students are interested in receiving treatment for their fears. The paper concludes with some recommendations on how exposure-based treatments could be conducted through college counseling or mental health centers to address these potentially academic- and socially impairing problems.     

间歇性低氧暴露对运动员甲襞微循环和血象指标的影响

研究间歇性低氧暴露对运动员甲襞微循环和血象指标的影响,并探讨可能机制。结果表明:从甲襞微循环流态积分、总积分时序性变化的角度来看,间歇性低氧暴露4周的效果要优于间歇性低氧暴露2周;间歇性低氧暴露适应过程中,RBC一直增加,低氧暴露3周后,达到峰值(P <0 .0 5 ) ,低氧暴露4周后,略有下降,但仍较常氧显著增加(P <0 .0 5 ) ;Hb和Hct在间歇性低氧暴露前后均无显著性差异(P >0 .0 5 )。结论:急性1 0h、2 5 0 0m低氧暴露对血RBC、Hb、Hct影响不大,甲襞微环出现明显的代偿性变化;长期间歇性低氧暴露刺激RBC、Hb产生,血液携氧能力增加,甲襞微循环的变化较为明显。     

体育赞助评估方法初探

体育赞助已经成为许多企业开展营销活动的一个重要手段。论述了体育赞助效果评估的方法，包括曝光度的评估、到达率的评估、回忆度的评估、形象评估和销售效果评估等几个方面。     

低氧训练方法述评

运用文献法，述评高原训练法（HiHi）、高住低训（HiLo）和间歇训练性低氧暴露（INHE）三种低氧训练方法的起源、实施方法、提高运动能力的机理以及各训练方法本身或实施中存在的问题。     

急性常氧运动后低氧暴露对体内自由基代谢的影响

为了观察低氧暴露对急性常氧运动后机体自由基代谢的影响.对8名男性受试者以75%V*O2max强度蹬功率自行车1 h后,分别在低氧(15.4%O2)和常氧环境中休息30 min,测定运动前、运动后即刻和运动后30 min红细胞和血清中超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)和还原型谷光苷肽(GSH)的含量.结果显示:运动后即刻,红细胞MDA和血清GSH含量较运动前有显著升高,血清MDA、SOD和红细胞SOD无显著变化;运动后常氧恢复30 min,红细胞MDA还处于高水平,但GSH恢复到运动前水平.运动后低氧30 min恢复,红细胞MDA和血清GSH还是高于运动前水平,且血清GSH较运动后即刻还要高.结论:常氧运动后低氧暴露不利于体内自由基的恢复.     

Developing a Chinese version of an Author Recognition Test for college students in Taiwan

This study set out to develop a Chinese Author Recognition Test (CART) that might be used as a measure of objective print exposure for college students in Taiwan. We found that there is a linkage between print exposure and general reading achievement for college students. We also found that, among self‐reported reading habits, comparative reading habits and CART, primary print knowledge scores within the CART family have the strongest prediction power for both the ‘General Scholastic Ability Test‐Chinese’ and the ‘Department Required Test‐Chinese’ beyond the joint contributions of vocabulary size and reading comprehension. By sharing the process of developing the instrument, we shed some light for researchers from regions other than English‐speaking countries on how they might move forward in future investigations.     

Cognitive and affective risk perceptions toward food safety outbreaks: mediating the relation between news use and food consumption intention

Much research on risk perception and health behavior has examined cognitive dimensions of risk but not affective dimensions. To address this gap, this study examines both cognitive risk perception (perceived risk of susceptibility and severity) and affective risk perception (worry) in the context of food safety risks in East Asia. We investigate their roles in independently and jointly predicting intention to consume outbreak-associated food products, as well as mediating the influences of news exposure and attention on intention. Data from a nationwide survey in South Korea (N = 1500) lent overall support for our hypotheses in both cases of processed food from China and seafood from Japan. Our findings show: (1) both perceived risk and worry were negatively associated with food consumption intention, and the association between perceived risk and intention was stronger among those higher in worry; (2) news attention had stronger associations with perceived risk and worry than news exposure, and attention moderated the relationship between news exposure and perceived risk; and (3) perceived risk and worry mediated the associations between news use and food consumption intention. Implications and limitations of the findings are discussed.     

基于体全息技术的WDM器件衍射效率均匀性研究

对基于体全息技术的WDM器件的衍射效率均匀性进行研究.为获得尽可能均匀的衍射效率,除了考虑传统的光擦除效应外,更进一步考虑到耦合光路几何组态、各信道衍射光波长、衍射角等因素的影响,利用递推法,推导出更加精确的曝光时序.模拟结果表明,利用该曝光时序,各信道可获得均匀的衍射效率.