Android arete: Toward a virtue ethic for computational agents

Traditional approaches to computer ethics regard computers as tools, andfocus, therefore, on the ethics of their use. Alternatively, computer ethicsmight instead be understood as a study of the ethics of computationalagents, exploring, for example, the different characteristics and behaviorsthat might benefit such an agent in accomplishing its goals. In this paper,I identify a list of characteristics of computational agents that facilitatetheir pursuit of their end, and claim that these characteristics can beunderstood as virtues within a framework of virtue ethics. This frameworkincludes four broad categories – agentive, social, environmental, and moral– each of which can be understood as a spectrum of virtues rangingbetween two extreme subcategories. Although the use of a virtue frameworkis metaphorical rather than literal, I argue that by providing a frameworkfor identifying and critiquing assumptions about what a `good' computer is,a study of android arete provides focus and direction to the developmentof future computational agents.     

人工智能伦理准则与治理体系:发展现状和战略建议

首先,界定人工智能伦理准则的基本概念,分析人工智能发展现状。然后,探讨导致人工智能伦理问题的主要原因,总结人工智能典型应用场景下的伦理问题,包括自动驾驶、智能媒体、智慧医疗、服务机器人等;此外,围绕应对人工智能伦理问题的基本原则探索治理框架体系,包括技术应对、道德规范、政策引导、法律规则等方面。最后,结合我国人工智能发展规划战略部署,指出在社会治理的落地过程中宜采取分层次、多维度的治理体系,并提出在人工智能伦理准则和治理方面的具体措施建议(2020-2035年),包括社会宣传、标准体系、法律法规等方面。     

考虑不同供给方式的产业共性技术市场化开发博弈分析

借鉴Stackelberg主从博弈思想,考虑自我供给和外部供给方式,构建共性技术市场化开发三阶段动态博弈模型,分析不同供给方式下共性技术市场化开发影响因素及供给方式选择问题.研究表明,无论何种供给方式,企业的市场化开发努力、基于共性技术所研发的产品的最优销售价格和政府的经济收益总是相同,但市场化开发企业的收益在外部供给...     

高新技术企业内外部学习策略选择对R&D绩效影响的比较分析

近年来,高新技术企业的竞争更多的表现为连续、高效、敏捷的R＆D核心能力的竞争。其中,加强和权衡内外部学习是前提与基础。本文结合对我国48家高新技术企业的实证调研结果,旨在探究高新技术企业R＆D流程在技术试验与产品开发两大阶段中不同的内外部学习策略选择对R＆D速度、成本、竞争优势的影响。最后,本文针对高新技术企业内外部学习策略选择与R＆D绩效的关系,提出了有待于进一步研究的问题。     

网络舆情传播管理驱动策略

网络这一载体加速了舆情的传播,网民现实生活中产生的压抑情绪或需发泄的心理诉求,往往因某个热点事件一触即发,容易被放大和极化。采用科学方式管控网络舆情,是目前党和政府急待解决的问题之一。从组织结构升级和外向管理升级两个方面研究网络舆情传播管理驱动策略。设计问卷调查网民对组织结构升级影响因素的重视度,采用模糊群体决策的评分法分析调研结果。建立博弈模型辅助政府在网络舆情传播管理中的策略制定。研究成果可为相关职能部门进行网络舆情管控提供科学、有效的理论和技术支持。     

Studying the amateur artist: A perspective on disguising data collected in human subjects research on the Internet

In the mid-1990s, the Internet rapidly changedfrom a venue used by a small number ofscientists to a popular phenomena affecting allaspects of life in industrialized nations. Scholars from diverse disciplines have taken aninterest in trying to understand the Internetand Internet users. However, as a variety ofresearchers have noted, guidelines for ethicalresearch on human subjects written before theInternet's growth can be difficult to extend toresearch on Internet users.In this paper, I focus on one ethicalissue: whether and to what extent to disguisematerial collected online in publishedaccounts. While some people argue thatvulnerable human subjects must always be madeanonymous in publications for their ownprotection, others argue that Internet usersdeserve credit for their creative andintellectual work. Still others argue thatmuch material available online should betreated as ``published.' To attempt to resolvethese issues, I first review my own experiencesof disguising material in research accountsfrom 1992 to 2002. Some of the thorniestissues emerge at the boundaries betweenresearch disciplines. Furthermore, manyhumanities disciplines have not historicallyviewed what they do as human subjects research. Next, I explore what it means to do humansubjects research in the humanities. Inspiredby issues raised by colleagues in thehumanities, I argue that the traditional notionof a ``human subject' does not adequatelycharacterize Internet users. A useful alternatemental model is proposed: Internet users areamateur artists. The Internet can be seen as aplayground for amateur artists creatingsemi-published work. I argue that thisapproach helps make some ethical dilemmaseasier to reason about, because it highlightskey novel aspects of the situation,particularly with regard to disguisingmaterial. Finally, I conclude by proposing aset of practical guidelines regardingdisguising material gathered on the Internet inpublished accounts, on a continuum from nodisguise, light disguise, moderate disguise, toheavy disguise.     

营销道德建设动力机制模型研究

营销道德的实质是妥善解决各相关者的利益。企业的营销道德关系广泛,同时也应当受到各相关方面的制约和监督。分析了营销道德的各利益相关者,理清了各相关者对企业的影响原理,在此基础上建立了各相关者推动企业营销道德建设的动力机制模型,并解释了运作模式。     

Introducing and Developing Professional Standards in the Information Systems Curriculum

In light of growing concerns in the public and recent mandates from business program accrediting bodies and curricular task forces, the importance of teaching ethical topics in information systems programs is discussed. Innovative strategies used for teaching the application of ethical criteria to common situations are reviewed. Results of a survey of information systems faculty members in the US are presented and are compared to previous studies that related primarily to computer science and software engineering programs. Insight is provided into the topics, techniques, degree of coverage, and assessment techniques currently used when teaching ethics in computing-related programs. Key concerns and future work is also outlined.     

基于注意力基础观的企业内部研发与合作创新交互效应研究--财务松弛和信息技术的调节作用

基于注意力基础理论及其基本原理,探讨了内部研发与合作创新对企业创新绩效的交互影响及财务松弛水平和信息技术能力两个情境因素的调节作用。本文利用世界银行对中国制造企业的调研数据进行Tobit模型分析,并对企业研发选择的内生性进行检验和控制。结果表明,内部研发和外部合作对创新绩效的影响主要体现为替代效应;高的企业财务松弛水平能够对短期财务目标形成缓冲,使管理注意力更多地投向创新等长期目标,有利于减弱两者的替代性,使其呈现互补协同作用;信息技术在创新方面的应用对创新绩效有直接的正向影响,但会强化两者的替代效应。     

家庭农场外源融资效率排序及其模式优选

外源融资困难一直是制约我国家庭农场发展的瓶颈。家庭农场外源融资的途径主要有中国农业银行、农村信用社、新型农村金融机构、中国邮政储蓄银行以及民间借贷。通过层次分析法和灰色关联度综合模型的评价分析,我国家庭农场外源融资效率高低的排序是：新型农村金融机构、民间借贷、农村信用社、中国农业银行、中国邮政储蓄银行。因此,我国家庭农场在选择外源融资模式时,应首先考虑新型农村金融机构,其次是民间借贷,再次是农村信用社。中国农业银行和中国邮政储蓄银行则作为家庭农场外源融资的重要补充。