从刻蚀电路板废液中制取硫酸铜的工艺研究

研究了以刻蚀电路板废液为原料制取硫酸铜的工艺条件。探讨了Fe3 的干扰,不同的pH以及不同浓度的NaOH和H2SO4对产品质量的影响。结果表明:采用15%~20%NaOH与20%H2SO4可使产品的回收率达92%,产品纯度可达98%。     

基于二次匹配的指纹识别方法的研究

在前人的研究成果的基础上,对指纹识别的各个过程,包括指纹图像预处理、指纹图像特征点提取、指纹匹配等相关算法进行了研究。特别是在指纹图像匹配阶段,为了得到较好的效果,采用了两次匹配的过程,第一次匹配使用传统的基于特征点的匹配方法,能够迅速地去除差距很大的图片和效果较好的匹配图片,而第二次匹配使用了基于可变界限盒的串距离匹配方法,这种方法能够更好地适应指纹图像的非线性形变等情况。通过这样的两次匹配,能够得到比较满意的匹配结果。     

基于机载LiDAR数据的建筑屋顶点云提取方法

机载激光雷达技术已经成为快速获取城市建筑三维数字模型的有效手段,而建筑物屋顶点云提取则是建筑物三维数字模型重建的关键。为有效剔除植被和墙面点云,以及消除地形起伏对建筑点云提取精度的影响,提出一种层进式屋顶点云提取方法。首先对LiDAR点云进行滤波,在此基础上利用点云回波特性和点云法向量检测并删除非地面点中特征明显的植被点和建筑物墙面点,然后利用连通成分分析法对非地面点聚类得到初始建筑点,最后结合DTM并利用建筑物面积和高度信息分离得到建筑物屋顶点云。试验结果表明,本方法能有效地从机载点云数据中快速提取建筑屋顶点云,有效率可达85%以上。     

竞技健美操赛前模拟比赛心率变化分析

以心率指标来反映竞技健美操的运动强度。对参加2008年全国锦标赛的运动员进行赛前模拟比赛的心率测试。结果显示：最大心率百分比都在80％以上。运动中的心率变化跟专业级别没有差异性（P〉0．05）,跟年龄有显著的差异性（P〈0．05）。因此在训练中,训练的方式跟专业级别以及年龄相联系,并可运用心率指标进行监控。     

北京奥运会女子举重比赛成败率与试举方案的统计与分析

通过录像观察法、文献资料法、专家访谈法、数理统计方法对2008年北京奥运会女子举重7个级别的全部赛事成败率进行了技术统计分析,结果表明本届北京奥运会女子举重试举成功率比上届有了大幅度的提高;抓举比赛中的后掉次数比前掉次数高;挺举的上挺失败次数高于下蹲翻失败次数;北京奥运会女子举重的试举方案比上届增多;同时,对各国运动员试举技术失败的原因进行了分析表明,运动员技术发挥不稳定、实力不足和比赛心理素质不好是造成试举失败的主要原因。     

Objective and subjective methods for quantifying training load in wheelchair basketball small-sided games

The aim of the present study was to analyse the training load in wheelchair basketball small-sided games and determine the relationship between heart rate (HR)-based training load and perceived exertion (RPE)-based training load methods among small-sided games bouts. HR-based measurements of training load included Edwards’ training load and Stagno’s training impulses (TRIMP_MOD) while RPE-based training load measurements included cardiopulmonary (session RPEres) and muscular (session RPEmus) values. Data were collected from 12 wheelchair basketball players during five consecutive weeks. The total load for the small-sided games sessions was 67.5 ± 6.7 and 55.3 ± 12.5 AU in HR-based training load (Edwards’ training load and TRIMP_MOD), while the RPE-based training loads were 99.3 ± 26.9 (session RPEres) and 100.8 ± 31.2 AU (session RPEmus). Bout-to-bout analysis identified greater session RPEmus in the third [P < 0.05; effect size (ES) = 0.66, moderate] and fourth bouts (P < 0.05; ES = 0.64, moderate) than in the first bout, but other measures did not differ. Mean correlations indicated a trivial and small relationship among HR-based and RPE-based training loads. It is suggested that HR-based and RPE-based training loads provide different information, but these two methods could be complementary because one method could help us to understand the limitations of the other.     

Effects of heat acclimation on hand cooling efficacy following exercise in the heat

This study examined the separate and combined effects of heat acclimation and hand cooling on post-exercise cooling rates following bouts of exercise in the heat. Seventeen non-heat acclimated (NHA) males (mean ± SE; age, 23 ± 1 y; mass, 75.30 ± 2.27 kg; maximal oxygen consumption [VO₂ max], 54.1 ± 1.3 ml·kg^?1·min^?1) completed 2 heat stress tests (HST) when NHA, then 10 days of heat acclimation, then 2 HST once heat acclimated (HA) in an environmental chamber (40°C; 40%RH). HSTs were 2 60-min bouts of treadmill exercise (45% VO₂ max; 2% grade) each followed by 10 min of hand cooling (C) or no cooling (NC). Heat acclimation sessions were 90–240 min of treadmill or stationary bike exercise (60–80% VO₂ max). Repeated measures ANOVA with Fishers LSD post hoc (α < 0.05) identified differences. When NHA, C (0.020 ± 0.003°C·min^?1) had a greater cooling rate than NC (0.013 ± 0.003°C·min^?1) (mean difference [95%CI]; 0.007°C [0.001,0.013], P = 0.035). Once HA, C (0.021 ± 0.002°C·min^?1) was similar to NC (0.025 ± 0.002°C·min^?1) (0.004°C [?0.003,0.011], P = 0.216). Hand cooling when HA (0.021 ± 0.002°C·min^?1) was similar to when NHA (0.020 ± 0.003°C·min^?1) (P = 0.77). In conclusion, when NHA, C provided greater cooling rates than NC. Once HA, C and NC provided similar cooling rates.     

Effect of a Brazilian Jiu-jitsu-simulated tournament on strength parameters and perceptual responses

This study aimed to analyse the effects of a simulated Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) tournament on vertical jump performance, grip strength test and perceived effort responses. 22 male BJJ athletes participated in a simulated tournament consisting of three 7 min matches separated by 14 min of rest. Kimono grip strength test (KGST), counter movement jump (CMJ) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured before and after each match, while RPE of specific areas was assessed after three matches. ANOVA for repeated measures was used to compare strength parameters after each match with the level of significance set at 5%. The key results showed a significant decrease of jump height (p = 0.001) and net vertical impulse in the CMJ (p = 0.031), as well as a reduction of the number of reps in the KGST (p < 0.001). A significant increase of RPE was found throughout the matches (p < 0.001). Considering the RPE in specific areas, no differences were observed between the upper and lower body (p = 0.743). We conclude that the BJJ simulated tournament generated a decrease of performance in both upper and lower limbs and provoked a progressive increase in the effort perception over the matches.     

Maximal heart rate declines linearly with age independent of cardiorespiratory fitness levels

There have been many conflicting observations between the linear or curvilinear decline in maximal heart rate (HR_max) with age. The aim of this study was to determine if linear or curvilinear equations would better describe the decline in HR_max with age in individuals of differing cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) levels. Treadmill cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPX) results from participants (1510 men and 1134 women; 18–76 years) free of overt cardiovascular disease were retrospectively examined using cross-sectional and longitudinal study designs. Participants completing ≥2 CPX with ≥1 year between test dates were included in the longitudinal analysis (325 men and 150 women). Linear and quadratic regressions were applied to age and HR_max for the whole cohort and respective CRF groups (high, moderate, and low, relative to age and gender normative values). To test for differences among linear, quadratic, and polynomial equations, the change in R² (cross-sectional analysis) and Bayesian information criterion (BIC) (longitudinal analysis) from the linear to the more complex models were calculated. The quadratic or polynomial regression in the cross-sectional analysis, marginally improved the variance in HR_max explained by age compared to the linear regression for the whole cohort (0.2%), moderate fit group (0.3%), and low fit group (0.8%). With no improvements in the high fit group. BIC did not improve for any CRF category in the longitudinal analysis. In conclusion, the minimal differences among linear, quadratic, and polynomial equations in the respective CRF groups, emphasizes the use of linear prediction equations to estimate HR_max.     

房产税改革的方案选择及财税效应分析

对房产持有环节开征房产税具有国际通用的合理性和合法性,房产税改革是新一轮国家财税体制改革的重要内容。对国内主要城市的房产税改革方案及其财税效应分析表明：采用无差别税率征税方案的优势在于减少征管成本、确保居民纳税义务的公平性,劣势在于造成纳税人税负过重、不利于调节财富分配差距;而按住房面积采用递进税率征税方案的优势在于能够调节贫富差距、体现“量能负担”原则,劣势在于容易被纳税人投机取巧而逃避高税率和监管。权衡利弊,“每人享受一定面积的减免,根据住房面积大小、基于公告价值或评估价值按不同税率征收”的方案,可作为今后房产税改革的主要方向。