Cognitive Interviewing: A Qualitative Tool for Improving Questionnaires in Sport Science

This study sought to determine whether body fat percentage estimates using an inexpensive bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) device (Tanita TBF-521, Tanita Corp, of America, Arlington Heights, IL) could be freely substituted for those obtained utilizing skinfolds (method equivalence). Data were analyzed from measurements on 38 children age 6 to 12 years. Random effect intraclass correlation (r = .930; 95% confidence interval [CI] = .87 to .96), fixed effect intraclass correlation (r = .932; 95% CI = .87 to .96), and least-products regression supported the equivalence of the 2 methods. The technical error between the 2 methods (3.7; coefficient of variation = 12.2%) was small and also supported the equivalence of the two methods. The ability of the BIA device to categorize into normal and obese categories when compared to the skinfold technique was also impressive (κ = .95; 95% CI = .73 to .99). However, the results of the limits of agreement analysis showed that the approximate 95% CI for the differences between methods was wide (-9.1 to 11.4).     

高校学生评教结果缘何失效——影响因素、逆向选择机制及其治理路径研究

运用文献法、访谈法、扎根理论和逻辑演绎法,建构影响高校学生评教有效性的理论模型,阐释影响因素对于逆向评教产生影响的作用机理。从目前高校评教所暴露出的突出问题,提出提高高校学生评教有效性的治理路径。研究认为,影响评教结果的主要因素包括学生因素、教师因素、学校因素以及课程因素。评教容易导致两个方向的逆向选择,其一是学生对教师评教的逆向选择,其二是教师为应对学生评教和学校制度安排对教学方式和管理方式的逆向选择。前一种逆向选择取决于学生的目标函数或偏好选择,后一种逆向选择取决于学校的制度安排。两种逆向选择构成一个彼此强化的反馈结构,形成负向强化并造成恶性循环,最终危及学校的整体教学质量和水平。     

邓小平对中国社会主义建设的伟大贡献

作为党的第二代领导核心和我国改革开放的总设计师，邓小平对当代中国的改革开放和社会主义现代化建设做出了突出的贡献。他进一步阐述和发展了我们党实事求是的思想路线，进一步认清了社会主义的本质，并对其进行了科学的表述。他把制度问题提高到政治思想领域根本性、全局性、稳定性和长期性的高度来认识，提出了一系列政治体制改革的措施。他在废除党和国家政治生活中实际存在的干部领导职务终身制方面，发挥了坚强的核心作用，为全党树立了光辉的榜样。     

概化理论在结构化面试评分误差中的应用研究

应用概化理论对结构化面试的评分误差的控制问题进行了研究。结果表明:结构化面试评分能够较好地反映出被试的真实能力水平,评分具有较高的信度;在保证较高的面试评分信度(0.80)的情况下,建议将考官人数减少至9名,以提高结构化面试的经济性和效率性。     

反思与重构：证据法学理论基础研究

传统理论关于证据法学乏理论基础存在着“一元论”和“二元论”之争，尤其是关于“认识论”和“价值论”在证据法学理论基础中的地位问题，也历来存在着不同的认识和主张。在程序正义理论日益成为诉讼法学主流理论的背景下，理论上有贬低“认识论”在证据法学理论基础中的地位的趋向，这是不符合证据法律制度的历史发展事实以及证据法学的学科特点的。只有将“认识论”和“价值论”同时作为证据法学的理论基础，才能真正建立科学、合理的证据法学。     

西部中职教师职业核心能力初探

以广西中职师资培训基地的培训学员为研究样本,运用行为事件访谈法探析西部中职教师职业核心能力。研究得出,西部中职教师的职业核心能力包含十一项指标:影响力、人际洞察力、自信、职业忠诚、学生中心、团队协作、职业指导能力、细节洞察与指导、知识情境模块化、心理辅导能力、自我完善。     

力的近距作用问题的探讨

从电磁学、光学、热学、力学、相对论、物质结构和自然界的四种相互作用的实验事实说明力的近距作用,而非超距作用.     

论中国古代自传的隐讳书写

中国古代自传由于伦理、政治、礼法、个人名利等方面的因素而呈现出“为尊者讳、为亲者讳、为贤者讳、为己讳”的书写现象,从而造成了古代自传情感上的自夸倾向与内容上的失真.破除古代自传创作中的隐讳原则,遵循善恶必书的实录精神,对今天的自传创作仍具有重要意义.     

Science teachers and scientific argumentation: Trends in views and practice

Current research indicates that student engagement in scientific argumentation can foster a better understanding of the concepts and the processes of science. Yet opportunities for students to participate in authentic argumentation inside the science classroom are rare. There also is little known about science teachers' understandings of argumentation, their ability to participate in this complex practice, or their views about using argumentation as part of the teaching and learning of science. In this study, the researchers used a cognitive appraisal interview to examine how 30 secondary science teachers evaluate alternative explanations, generate an argument to support a specific explanation, and investigate their views about engaging students in argumentation. The analysis of the teachers' comments and actions during the interview indicates that these teachers relied primarily on their prior content knowledge to evaluate the validity of an explanation rather than using available data. Although some of the teachers included data and reasoning in their arguments, most of the teachers crafted an argument that simply expanded on a chosen explanation but provided no real support for it. The teachers also mentioned multiple barriers to the integration of argumentation into the teaching and learning of science, primarily related to their perceptions of students' ability levels, even though all of these teachers viewed argumentation as a way to help students understand science. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 49: 1122–1148, 2012