Science and it’s Images – Promise and Threat: From Classic Literature to Contemporary Students’ Images of Science and “The Scientist”

The physical and social image of the scientist among school children, student teachers, and teachers over the last 50 years was investigated. Interest has also been shown in the perception of the personality behind the physical stereotype. Nevertheless, the value judgments of science and scientists and the positive and negative mind–sets attaching to these judgments in our society were less investigated, either in Israel or abroad. In this investigation models given to science and scientists in the classical literature and by some popular science writers were investigated, together with contemporary learners’ views. The populations consist of 125 high school students from Israel. Several tools were used during this investigation to decipher the images of science: Closed questionnaire, writing an essay, and semistructured collective interviews. Classical authors have pessimistic views about science and the scientists. Most models are unfavorable, and criticize the scientists: The mad and monstrous scientist (Frankenstein), the scientist who is alienated from human life (The Physicists), the scientist who is cut off from reality, the “geek” (Gulliver’s Travels), the scientist whose irresponsible research is harmful to the environment (Jurassic Park), the scientist who hungers for knowledge at any cost (Faust). The positive images found especially in the popular science literature: the scientist who cures diseases (Microbe Hunters), the scientist who has professional integrity (Galaxies), the scientist who keeps to the rules of the scientific method to obtain objective results (Wrinkles in Time). We found that some expressions relating to fear of science which have appeared in the classics since the beginning of the 18^th century were found in a similar way with students of the 21^st century, while others expressed that same fear in different ways. There was also an identification with Swift’s “unsociable and unemotional” scientists. Alongside the existence of expressions of fear of science, and mainly ambivalent opinions of students toward science, the dominant picture that stands out in this study is that our contemporary students are pro science, and regard science as a useful area of society.     

怀疑主义的实践可行性问题新探

怀疑主义的重大困难是其实践可行性问题,即怀疑主义者能否在生活中贯彻其怀疑主义。其实,怀疑主义的实践可行性问题的实质就是悬搁判断与信念的相容性,因此,从信念产生的角度是能够解决怀疑主义的实践可行性难题的。     

道德教育蕴涵价值悖论

道德教育"公认的正当性"公设建立在"事实"与"价值"的混淆上,遮蔽了人们对道德教育内在价值悖论的认识,影响道德教育有效性的发挥。厘清道德演绎的逻辑思路,回归道德教育的本来面目,将给道德教育实践以有益的启示。     

感性体验与理性评判的合一——谈罗振亚的诗歌研究

罗振亚在诗歌研究领域取得了丰硕的研究成果,他善于将史与论结合起来,通过历史的考察与理论的阐释发掘研究对象的价值与局限;善于运用客观辩证的态度分析研究对象,得出实事求是的结论;善于运用比较的方法发现研究对象的个性差异;善于将情感体验融入诗歌分析之中,用生动形象的语言表达自己的观点,从而形成了融感性体验与理性评判为一体的研究风格。     

重事实 重学问——《阅微草堂笔记》对传统观念的坚持

《阅微草堂笔记》是纪昀因不满《聊斋志异》而创作的,作为与《聊斋志异》相对立的一部作品,纪昀把真实和学问放在首要的位置。与此相呼应,在艺术手法上也形成了自己独特的效果。     

案件事实及其形成

法律适用的对象是案件事实,而案件事实与通常理解的事实概念存在本质区别,案件事实即是已被诉讼程序证成为案件事实的生活事件,案件事实不是既定的、不是被发现的客观事实,而是由诉讼主体运用证据、证据规则和事理逻辑形成的;很多情况下,事实问题即是法律问题,法规范对案件事实起着型构的作用;审判过程中规范与事实相互作用且自我显形;事理逻辑最具研究价值,因为这一研究能揭示出形成案件事实的过程中最能体现法官个人判断的意识因素。笔者采用思辩哲学与司法实践紧密联系,从抽象到具体,从具体上升为抽象的研究方法。     

三角模糊数互反判断矩阵的一种排序方法及其应用

给出模糊判断矩阵的一种标度,利用模糊均值、模糊偏差和模糊综合数,结合Satty的特征根法,提出三角模糊数互反判断矩阵的一种排序方法,并通过算例说明该方法的可行性和有效性。     

范长江新闻叙事中的春秋笔法

历史与新闻在现代学科分类中属于互不相干的两门学科,历史叙事与新闻叙事似乎也风马牛不相及,然而,一旦新闻叙事的时效性消失便成为一种历史性叙事,严肃的新闻作品是面向历史的言说。范长江作为现代新闻叙事的一代宗师,从传统历史叙事中吸取营养,巧妙地将春秋笔法移植于新闻叙事之中,形成了独特的历史担当和风格技巧。其新闻叙事的独特性集中体现在道德评判、微言大义、笔削褒贬三个方面。     

Affordances of video-based professional development for supporting physics teachers' judgments about evidence of student thinking

This study explores the affordances of a video-based professional development workshop for supporting physics teachers' content-specific judgments about evidence of student thinking. We rated both the quality of teachers' discussions and the judgments that resulted as they discussed video clips highlighting student thinking. We found that teachers' judgments were related to the quality of their discussions. Quantitative and qualitative analyses suggest that elaborated focus questions and interactions with colleagues may support teachers with relatively little physics teaching experience in using their collective wisdom to engage in a situation-specific skill necessary for responsive teaching.     

山区公路桥梁病害处治对策

近年来高等级公路不断向山区或复杂地形、地质条件地区延伸,滑坡引起的桥梁病害日渐增多,造成不小的损失,值得有关方面重视。文章根据山区泥石流、水毁、滑坡地区中小跨径桥梁合理孔跨布王方案的研究成果,列举了若干桥梁病害型式,在分析病害原因的基础上,研究对策,包括正确的地勘判断、合理选择桥位、桥型和孔跨布置以及防护措施等,同时介绍了一些成功处治的案例。