道德社会学视角下运动教育模式的德育实践研究

摘要：在道德社会学理论视角下,运用文献资料法、访谈法、逻辑分析法,针对运动教育模式开展体育活动的过程中,所体现出具体的德育实践形式与价值进行分析和阐释,为我国运用运动教育模式来开展德育实践活动提供参考,为开发青少年学生喜闻乐见的德育载体提供启示。研究结果如下：1）运动教育模式下围绕某项体育比赛组织开展一系列实践活动,形成模拟的集体社会生活世界,这是一个渗透德育理念的道德实践场域,参与者在该场域中作为担负不同角色职能的道德实践个体,被不同的道德实践单元接纳;2）道德实践个体在活动中,通过道德实践单元内的言行交往,生产出“角色职能、团队认同、分享成败”道德事实,而在所处道德实践单元与其他道德实践单元之间的言行交往,生产出“公平竞争、分享成败、行业认同”道德事实;3）生产出道德事实的言行交往,不仅实现了其“社会群体归属感”和“纪律精神”的属性,更是将社群属性的纪律精神内化为“自律”属性。     

层次分析法在地方高校设备资源配置中的应用

运用层次分析法对影响地方高校设备资源配置的因素进行了分析,并得出不同因素在设备资源配置中所占比例,为科学合理的配置设备资源提供了参考依据。     

人性判断与秩序构建--论韩非子对荀子思想的疏离及异化

荀子的性恶论并非“性本恶”而是一种“后果恶”,是针对过度纵欲导致群体生存失序而做出的价值判断。韩非子已经跳出对人性作善恶与否判断的思维模式,而是径直对人性做出经验性的事实判断。价值判断与事实判断的分野,是荀韩人性论的根本差异所在。对于人性的价值判断必然导向“应然”的意义诉求,所以荀子构建的“礼义之统”与个体之间处在一种柔性互动关系中;而事实判断必然指向“实然”的实践运作,故而韩非子认为“唯治为法”,其“法”与人性之间是一种刚性关系,只能顺性而不能逆性。韩非子的秩序构建方案缺乏内在的社会凝聚力,其逻辑前提逻辑地决定了其方案本身内蕴着分裂与动乱的因素。而荀子在注重社会现实的同时充分地注意到意义世界的重要性,较好地协调了事实与价值之间的张力,其秩序建构方案充满内在的凝聚力,可以实现社会内部的良性互动与动态平衡。     

伽达默尔的“sensus communis”刍论

“sensus communis”是伽达默尔所看重的西方人文主义的四个基本概念之一,它包含“共通感”和“常识”两个方面的含义,这个概念和另外三个概念“教化”、“判断力”和“趣味”关系密切,是其中的中介和桥梁,它们一起构成了精神科学的真理及其解释学的基础。伽达默尔对这个词的理解既吸收了前人的成果,又纳入一种新的眼光,使之具有了更加深刻的人文主义内涵和解释学的意义。     

道德语境论探析

道德语境论是一种以语境为工具,研究道德原则、道德判断、道德信念以及其他道德实在论和道德认识论问题的实践方法论理论。道德语境论认为不存在道德原则,不存在“事实－价值”依附性,道德判断和道德信念是不需要依赖原则的道德认知过程。道德语境论把人的能动性和语境的权威性摆在了十分突出的位置上,具有较强的反理论性,为实践事实、道德认知过程和人的能力提供了更真实的理论描述。     

The Domain-Specificity of Elementary School Teachers’ Judgment Accuracy

Teachers’ diagnostic competence for accurately judging students’ achievement is essential for instructional practice and professional decisions. To promote their judgment accuracy, it is important to know if this is a general or domain-specific skill. We investigated teachers’ judgment accuracy in German language (one subdomain: reading) and mathematics (two subdomains: geometry; stochastics) and examined differences across domains (i.e., German and mathematics) and across subdomains (reading; geometry; stochastics). We examined the judgment accuracy of 59 German elementary school teachers who teach both German and mathematics, judging the achievement of 1227 students in the three subdomains. We conducted multilevel analyses with a subsample of 39 teachers and 787 students and calculated different accuracy components (i.e., rank, level, and differentiation) to examine the comparability of our results. In line with prior research, findings revealed that teachers’ judgments were fairly accurate. However, there were significant differences between teachers’ average judgment accuracy in different subdomains (between-person comparisons) and no or only a weak relation between individual teachers’ judgment accuracy in different subdomains (within-person comparisons). Findings support the notion that teachers’ judgment accuracy of student achievement is domain-specific with respect to the investigated subdomains. Practical implications for the promotion of teacher judgment accuracy are discussed.     

增压辅助方法对大鼠骨骼肌HIF-1α表达的影响

目的:通过高原低氧大强度训练与增压辅助方法相结合建立动物模型,探讨高原低氧大强度训练后施加增压辅助方法对大鼠骨骼肌组织HIF-1α表达的影响。方法:wistar大鼠32只随机分为4组:其中A组为自然环境下恢复,B组0.2MPa增压1h恢复,C组0.2MPa增压2h恢复,D组0.3MPa增压2h恢复。4组大鼠在西宁(2260m)经过3天适应性训练和6天正式训练。在最后一次训练结束后24h所有大鼠实施腹腔麻醉取大鼠一侧腓肠肌,运用蛋白质免疫印迹法检测各组HIF-1α蛋白表达量。结果:施加增压辅助方法干预后各恢复组大鼠骨骼肌HIF-1α蛋白表达较自然恢复组呈上升趋势,其中B组增幅较大。结论:通过1周低氧大强度训练后,施加增压辅助方法的实验发现,各增压恢复组大鼠骨骼肌HIF-1α蛋白表达上调,表明高原训练后施加增压辅助方法可能对增强机体低氧耐受能力产生影响,有利于机体运动疲劳的快速恢复以及有效发挥高原训练的优势。     

Achievement and engagement: How student characteristics influence teacher judgments

Teachers' judgments of student characteristics are affected not only by the characteristic in question, but also by other factors. This article presents three studies examining whether students' achievement influences teachers' judgments of their engagement (as a proxy for motivation) and vice versa. First, a field study was conducted with N = 52 teachers and N = 1135 students. Structural equation modeling revealed an effect of student achievement on teacher judgments of student engagement and an effect of student engagement on teacher judgments of student achievement—above and beyond the association of each student characteristic with teacher judgments of that characteristic. These results were then replicated in two experimental studies involving a computer simulation of an instructional situation, the Simulated Classroom, with N = 40 and N = 181 teacher candidates, respectively. The psychological determinants of the effects observed are discussed, as are their practical implications.     

语文审美能力的培养

培养中学生的语审美能力，是中学语教学一个非常重要的课题。因此，语教师在讲授学作品时，要注意使用优美的语言精心设计导语，创设审美意境；要注意发展学生的形象思维，让学生通过丰富的想象，发现作品中的美；要注意引导学生利用创造性思维，体味作品中美的内涵。这样，就能不断提高学生的鉴赏能力，从而达到比较高的审美层次和境界。     

影响体育舞蹈裁判员执裁能力因素研究

根据体育舞蹈竞赛的特点,就影响体育舞蹈裁判员执裁能力的因素进行调查和分析,结果显示,影响体育舞蹈裁判员执裁能力的因素主要有裁判员的职业道德、业务水平、身体状况、判罚角度、心理素质及裁判规则等。提出了加强裁判员的监督管理机制,培养和提高裁判员的体育舞蹈文化素养,改革体育舞蹈竞赛办法和建构科学的量化评分标准等建议。