Governing teachers’ work and learning through data: Australian insights

This article reveals the multiple ways in which data are constituted as a vehicle for governing teachers’ work and learning. Drawing on the concept of governance, including in relation to the sociology of numbers, and data from one school in Queensland, Australia, the research reveals how teachers’ work and learning were constituted through practices of: establishing specific ‘targets’, including various ‘audacious goals’ for school and national testing; focusing upon ‘aligning’ all forms of school, regional and national data collected within the school; and participating in various ‘data conversations’ about specific students with senior members of staff. While the research reveals how teachers found such practices beneficial for improving their practice with students, it also shows how this learning was always and everywhere framed within a broader discourse of data, and how this data-centric focus came to constitute what was valued about their work and learning, and that of their students.     

21世纪中国社区教育研究回顾与展望

我国社区教育研究与实践进入21世纪后,迎来了繁荣发展期,国家高度重视社区教育的建设,出台了一系列的政策措施推动其发展,学术界也进行了大量的研究。通过系统地对近20年来我国社区教育的研究文献进行梳理和分析,结果发现从2000年以后,我国的社区教育研究可以大致分为两个阶段:第一个阶段(2000—2007年)主要以社区教育的实验探索、国外的经验介绍为主要内容,并以大量的相似讨论主题为主要特点;第二阶段(2008—2018年)主要以全国开展的社区教育试点及思路的反思为主要内容,并以谋求社区教育的内涵式发展为主要特点。虽然近年来我国越来越重视社区教育的发展,但是从当前对社区教育的研究中可以发现,我国的社区教育仍然存在内涵界定不清晰、缺乏宏观的空间规划、教师队伍建设能力不足、管理及保障体制机制等内涵能力建设研究不充分等问题,未来可以加强对社区教育的宏观空间格局演进及规划、微观的社区教育资源配置以及数字时代的内涵能力建设等方面的研究。     

滞胀风险下我国宏观经济调控的政策选择

近期我国经济呈增速趋缓、物价攀升的边际滞胀态势。阻碍我国经济高速增长的因素主要是人口红利减少、储蓄—投资转化率低和制度不完善,引致我国通货膨胀的因素主要是政府宽松的财政货币政策、企业成本上涨和公众的高通胀预期。借鉴国内外有关滞胀治理的理论研究,我国应调整计划生育政策,提高劳动的收入份额,增加教育、医疗卫生和社保投入,实行结构性减税,完善科技投入体制,完善产权、户籍、社保和行政法律制度,明确货币政策的币值稳定目标,合理引导通胀预期。     

Transforming in the visiting assistant professor role: collaborative self-study research in physical education teacher education

Transitioning into faculty roles can be a challenging experience. Responsibilities related to teaching, research, and service can be difficult to balance, and mismatch between personal preferences for work focus and instructional expectations can be problematic. This is particularly true of visiting assistant professors who want to work toward tenure-track positions, but whose current job focus is on teaching. Through transformative learning theory and employing the methodologies of self-study, we sought to understand the experiences of Kevin, the second author and a first-year visiting assistant professor. We draw data from Kevin's reflective journal and discussions between Kevin and his critical friend, Jim. Themes included (a) becoming an academic, (b) a hard-wired disposition toward work, and (c) influence of the VAP on emotional and personal health. Results are discussed through the lens of transformative learning theory and focus on Kevin's growth during his year as a visiting assistant professor.     

登上领奖台：加拿大冬奥备战的治理经验及其启示

为备战2010年温哥华冬奥会,加拿大联邦政府设计了“登上领奖台”战略,委托OTP组织负责财政援助的划拨和绩效管理。OTP组织采用“决策层—执行层”的双层治理架构,以“奖牌至上”为原则,创建了由“项目文化”“以往成绩”“夺牌潜力”“领先优势的可持续性”4个一级指标的协会分层分类资助制度,邀请国家奥委会和残奥委、国家运动项目协会、体育科研院所等利益相关者组成协同治理网络。通过梳理加拿大治理经验,建议我国当前的备战2022年北京冬奥工作,应重视“一臂之距”理念,明确政府在冬奥备战中的职责;尊重专业自治准则,锻炼社会力量成为竞技体育治理主体;改进绩效管理模式,优化冬奥备战财政资金的申请和使用程序;重视科学创新,促进体育智库组织网络化。     

How can experts help governments think?: inaugural lecture

Britain’s exit from the European Exchange Rate Mechanism in 1992 and the Second Iraq War in 2003 are two infamous examples of disastrous policy, but governments blunder all the time – whatever party is in power. Infrastructure projects overrun. The aims and techniques of different departments clash. Scandals erupt among officials and politicians. Controversies stymie attempts at agreement and consensus. But why exactly do these failures happen? Are they more or less widespread than in the private sector? And can studying British governments’ decision-making across the twentieth century improve it in the future? In his May 2018 inaugural lecture, Professor O'Hara recommended a slow, deliberative, transparent, democratic and above all humble and sensitive approach in order to avoid another Black Wednesday or ruinous war – an approach in contrast to the populist tone of much recent debate.     

拥抱大数据:大数据时代中国高端体育智库建设研究

受惠于大数据技术的迅猛发展,体育智库的高端化建设不仅迎来新的契机,也在客观上形成了智库研究的学术新机遇,带来了智库研究范式的革命性转型。通过对大数据和高端体育智库内涵的解读,透析大数据对高端体育智库治理决策科学化的推动、多元主体合作的加强和理性辨析能力的提升,提出以大数据思维引领高端体育智库发展方向、以大数据平台保障高端体育智库稳定运行,以大数据技术提升高端体育智库治理效能,以大数据人才推动高端体育智库可持续发展的建设策略。     

Animals,Governance and Ecology: Managing the Menace of Venomous Snakes in Colonial India

During the nineteenth century, the British Raj launched a campaign to reduce the number of people killed annually by venomous snakes on the Indian subcontinent. Unlike its successful effort to cull large mammals, the colonial government was forced to abolish its bounty scheme in 1890 and instead seek to use sanitation to reduce interactions between humans and snakes. This article will assess this transition in policy as a means to understand how attitudes towards the governance of animals were shaped by cultural and ecological factors. It will be shown that during its inception, discourses of scientific governance statistically augmented perceptions of the threat posed by snakes, presenting them as a direct yet manageable danger within an anthropocentric cultural model. However, financial and practical limitations forced the government to recognise that the behaviour, seasonal patterns and territorial movements of snakes influenced the rate of mortality, and thus adjust its policy to acknowledge the experience of cohabitation in India’s diverse ecological contexts.     

Guideposts and Roadblocks to the Career-Long Scholarly Engagement of Physical Education Teacher Education Faculty

Purpose: Scholarship is essential for the growth and development of the physical education field. Over time, scholarship expectations have changed, forcing faculty members to alter time spent for research, teaching, and service. Social-cognitive career theory (SCCT) presents a model for understanding performance and persistence in an occupational environment. The interconnected aspects of SCCT have different emphasis related to self-efficacy, outcome expectations, or personal goals pursuit. This study explored physical education teacher education (PETE) faculty members’ continuing engagement in scholarly activity through SCCT. Method: Data collection included interviews with 9 senior PETE faculty members who met the criteria for “productive scholars over time.” Curriculum vitae were collected to verify productivity. Results: Data analysis revealed guidepost themes that included collaborating, finding balance, defining a research process, and maintaining a strong work ethic. Roadblocks encountered included other obligations and lack of support for research. Conclusions: Participants demonstrated strong self-efficacy; held high, positive expectations for success; and set very specific, clear, and deliberate goals. Participant behavior was moderated by their personal attributes (capacity to build relationships, set goals, and maintain interest and passion) and was tempered by the environments in which they worked. Fostering similar behaviors has the potential to guide future and current PETE faculty members in creating supportive and encouraging atmospheres for sustained productivity. The lack of literature relating to this topic warrants the need for more research exploring the influential factors and benefits gained from sustained scholarly productivity over time for PETE faculty members.     

交换视角下体育公共服务治理中的问题与对策分析

基于交换理论,以交换理性、交换结构、交换的不确定性为切入点,结合相关治理案例,对体育公共服务治理中的公共性偏移、合作性缺失、多元化不足等问题进行解释。研究认为,在体育公共服务治理中,当经济理性超过社会理性,各主体将形成损公利私的扭曲行为;资源状况的差异导致主体结构失衡,进而导致主体间形成控制与依附的关系,阻碍了以平等、协作为特征的主体间合作形成;不确定性影响了“体制外”组织的参与,导致“多元化”的不足。最后,以培育社会理性、平衡主体结构、降低不确定性三个角度出发,以规范各主体行为为抓手提出治理策略与建议。