人格魅力、育人理念和管理智慧——教育家杨德广的大学治理之道

现代大学体系对大学校长的个人魅力、教育理念和管理智慧都提出了苛刻要求。上海师范大学原校长杨德广的大学治理之道说明：大学校长出色履行治校职责,首先要以其智力、精力、体力和魄力凝结成的人格魅力引领全体师生,其次要言传身教、身体力行推进以人为出发点的教育理念,还要在“有所不为”中紧抓关节点,为大学精准定位,并敏锐地洞察和利用新时期大学发展的契机。     

论高等教育外部治理的市场机制

作为一种准公共产品,高等教育在引入市场机制进行外部治理的过程中,出现了经费市场、师资市场、生源市场、院校市场以及技术服务市场等,通过竞争、选择、多元等市场规则影响着高等教育的发展.由于市场机制本身存在缺陷,在将其引入高等教育领域时,需要政府相关政策法规来规约高等教育发展中的市场行为,多方参与,弥补市场的不足,促进高等教育外部治理顺利进行.     

台湾地区乡村治理中的平权特点及其启示

中国台湾地区的乡村自治经历多次变革,形成治理成本低而收益高的平权式治理模式。它具有村级公共权力分配的合理性、乡镇权力的延伸性、村民权利的现实性等特点。这对当下中国大陆地区村民自治的改革中的公共权力分配、乡镇与村组织的衔接、法律法规的完善和民间组织的发展等具有一定启示意义。     

大学筹资结构对办学绩效影响的实证研究--以美国全国性大学为例

本文以美国全国性大学为样本,对大学筹资结构与办学绩效的关系进行了实证分析。结果表明,大学经费来源结构对大学办学绩效不构成显著影响,竞争性经费结构对大学办学绩效则构成显著影响。具体到各项经费上,政府拨款比例对大学办学绩效构成显著负向影响,政府补助与合同、个人捐赠与合同比例、投资收益比例、其他核心收益比例均对大学办学绩效构成显著正向影响,学费比例不构成显著影响。我国应该鼓励大学筹资结构多元化和民办大学的发展,促进大学基金会和社会捐赠制度建设,培育和挖掘企业或校友资源,增强政府经费的竞争性和选择性,从而促进大学为赢得更多经费支持而不断完善内部的治理结构,提高自身办学绩效。     

Empowerment or impediment? School governance in the school-based management era in Hong Kong

Following the international trend in education towards democracy and decentralization, the Hong Kong government introduced a school-based management (SBM) system about two decades ago. It is widely recognized in the literature that decentralization, empowering school level management and marginalizing the influence of the intermediate level of governance, can result in better deployment of school resources and better meet the demands of various stakeholders. However, in the unique historical and cultural context of Hong Kong, the advantages of decentralization claimed in the literature have yet to be fully realized. This paper discusses the contextual factors affecting the implementation of SBM in Hong Kong, and examines their impact on four major stakeholders, namely the government, the principals, the teachers, and the parents in the wake of reform.     

大学教师发展：斯坦福大学的经验

近年来大学教师发展受到越来越多的重视,它已成为促进大学发展的重要方式和途径。美国大学教师发展活动开展相对较早,顶尖的斯坦福大学在教师发展上积累了相当丰富的经验：兼顾教师个人发展、教学发展以及组织发展,活动形式多种多样,并重视提升教师自我学习与自我发展能力,将增进教师的幸福、打造卓越的生涯与塑造成功的大学等目标有机结合,从而促使教师取得更杰出的学术和教育成就,同时也为斯坦福大学保持世界一流提供了有力的支撑。     

Using methodological triangulation to examine the effectiveness of a mentoring program for online instructors

In this quasi-experimental mixed methods study, we examined the effectiveness of a faculty-to-faculty mentoring program to increase student success rates in online courses at an American university. Over one semester, 24 faculty mentees worked with 6 faculty mentors on improving course organization and implementing student engagement techniques. Using methodological triangulation, we found positive results for two of our effectiveness measures (i.e., mentor and mentee feedback and mentors’ ratings of mentees’ courses). However, in terms of our third measure (i.e., student learning data), although institutional data showed that there was a 4.1% aggregate increase in online student success after the intervention, the intervention group made no significantly greater gains than two control groups. Our findings highlight some benefits and shortcomings of these types of university initiatives and also emphasize the importance of using triangulation to integrate participant feedback with formal measures of student success.     

How MOOC instructors view the pedagogy and purposes of massive open online courses

Massive open online courses (MOOCs) have proliferated in recent years despite disagreement about the role of MOOCs in higher education and whether student outcomes are satisfactory. Taking a mixed-methods approach, the current study surveys professors who have taught MOOCs (n = 162) in order to better understand how MOOCs are perceived by instructors. Professors’ backgrounds and beliefs about the role of MOOCs in higher education and their perceptions of the experiences of students are discussed. In addition, professors’ satisfaction in teaching MOOCs is reported. The study finds that most MOOC professors are experienced faculty members with relatively little prior experience teaching online, and that they are divided about the purpose of MOOCs in the institutional landscape of higher education.     

The OECD and the local: PISA-based Test for Schools in the USA

The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) has recently piloted the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA)-based Test for Schools in the USA. In this paper, I contend that by connecting directly with local school boards this new initiative has the potential to further promote the OECD's educational agenda in local policy debates. I begin to develop this argument by providing an overview of the OECD and its work. I then lay out a theoretical framework around global governance and knowledge production within the context of the OECD. Next, I provide a brief overview of the traditional PISA study and compare it to the new PISA-based Test for Schools initiative. This context provides the foundation for a discussion of the ways in which a school-based international assessment can operate as a governance tool, allowing international organizations to have greater influence in the formation and implementation of local educational policies.     

Up or down and out? A systemic analysis of young people's educational pathways in the youth justice system in England and Wales

Many young people in the youth justice system in England and Wales are educationally marginalised and systemic barriers to their engagement with education persist. This article presents an analytical framework for understanding how education and youth justice practices shape young people's educational pathways during their time in the youth justice system with the aim of understanding the systemic dynamics that encourage or impede young people's engagement with education. It draws on data from a case study of 32 young people who were serving either a community or a custodial sentence under the supervision of one youth offending team in England and Wales. Using as analytical starting points Bourdieu's and Wacquant's conceptualisations of competing dynamics within the ‘bureaucratic field’ of state governance and Hodkinson's careership theory, this article discusses the interplay between exclusionary and inclusionary interests operating within and between the agencies of education and youth justice and the extent to which they play a role in sustaining young people's involvement in education or compounding their educational and social marginalisation.