标记性研究的系统功能语言学视角

自布拉格学派提出音系学中有标记和无标记的对立以来,标记性的概念已被延伸应用于语言学研究的其他方面。系统功能语言学对标记性问题有其独特的研究视角。文章总结韩礼德功能语法中对小句主位结构以及信息结构的标记性现象的探讨,并进一步分析系统功能语言学标记性研究的盖然率视角在解释语言系统的性质、研究语言使用的特征和探讨儿童的语言发展等方面的指导意义。     

县级中学高中生物理考试成败归因特点

以435名县级中学高中生为被试,以考试成败归因问卷为工具,旨在探讨高中生对物理考试成败结果的归因特点。研究表明:(1)整体上看,县级中学高中生对物理考试成败倾向于作内部归因,他们将持久努力、临时努力和学习方法等内部可控原因视为首要原因;(2)自我评价成功者与失败者对考试结果的归因存在明显差异;(3)男女生对考试成功的归因不存在明显的差异,对考试失败的归因有一定差异,女生比男生更看重能力、学习方法、学习基础与任务难度等原因对失败结果的影响;(4)高中生对考试成败的归因不存在明显的年级差异。     

对语用失误归因分析的质疑

当前语用失误的研究主要以归因视角为主。现以学习者中介语语用能力的研究成果为依据,从宏观、微观和对实验数据质疑三个方面对语用失误归因分析进行反思：（1）语言环境不是导致语用失误的原因;（2）母语迁移可以导致语用失误的观点值得商榷;（3）语用失误分析的数据不具有普遍性,数据效度值得商榷。语用失误归因分析并未真正地揭示其产生的根本原因。     

Interest,enjoyment and pride after failure experiences? Predictors of students’ state-emotions after success and failure during learning in mathematics

The current investigation was designed to identify emotion states students experience during mathematics activities, and in particular to distinguish emotions contingent on experiences of success and experiences of failure. Students’ task-related emotional responses were recorded following experiences of success and failure while working with an individualised computer-based mathematics learning environment. In addition, relations between these patterns of emotional responses after success and failure experiences and trait-like motivational variables, self-concept of ability, subject value, orientation to learning from errors, goal orientation and causal attributions, were examined. Two separate studies are reported. In Study 1 emotions associated with success and failure experiences in mathematics were investigated in relation to self-concept of ability, subject value and orientation to learning from errors. In Study 2, patterns of emotion following success and failure were examined in relation to students’ goal orientation and their causal attributions for success in school.     

民办学院学生英语四级考试成败的归因研究

归因理论以认知的观点看待动机,着重于依据原因所推论的信息,进一步预测和控制其随后的相关行为。运用W e iner归因理论的"三个维度与六因素归因模式"和2009年12月的大学英语四级统考成绩设计了一份问卷调查表,对苏州某民办学院2008级非英语专业学生进行了四级考试成败的归因调查,发现了一些有价值、有意义的信息,对提高民办学院的英语教学水平具有一定的启示作用。     

革命阵营内的名位之争与辛亥革命的失败

辛亥革命到今年,已经整整一百年了。一百年来,中国发生了翻天覆地的变化,关于辛亥革命的研究也取得了举世瞩目的辉煌成就。站在一百年的当口,我们的中国近代史研究,还能拿出怎样的成果奉献给读者呢?一百年的学术研究不可能穷尽辛亥革命的全部内涵,随着研究的进展,许多深层次的问题还会不断浮现出来,需要给予关注和思考。下面的三篇文章,就是在前人的基础上,凭借百年中国社会嬗变和学术进步,对辛亥革命进行反思的新成果。张皓教授则对革命阵营内部的名位之争做了具体的考证,试图从这个角度给辛亥革命的失败一个合理而有力的解释。这几篇文章都有独到视界,见解也有一定深度,特以笔谈形式编发,以飨读者。     

Evaluating research and researchers by the journal impact factor: Is it better than coin flipping?

The journal impact factor (JIF) is the average of the number of citations of the papers published in a journal, calculated according to a specific formula; it is extensively used for the evaluation of research and researchers. The method assumes that all papers in a journal have the same scientific merit, which is measured by the JIF of the publishing journal. This implies that the number of citations measures scientific merits but the JIF does not evaluate each individual paper by its own number of citations. Therefore, in the comparative evaluation of two papers, the use of the JIF implies a risk of failure, which occurs when a paper in the journal with the lower JIF is compared to another with fewer citations in the journal with the higher JIF. To quantify this risk of failure, this study calculates the failure probabilities, taking advantage of the lognormal distribution of citations. In two journals whose JIFs are ten-fold different, the failure probability is low. However, in most cases when two papers are compared, the JIFs of the journals are not so different. Then, the failure probability can be close to 0.5, which is equivalent to evaluating by coin flipping.     

心力衰竭患者实施抗阻训练的研究进展

对抗阻练习干预心力衰竭患者的相关研究进行回顾,总结目前的研究成果。前人的研究报告显示,实施抗阻训练（或与耐力训练相结合）可使心衰患者稳定状态下工作负荷增加、安静心率降低、VO2max提高、骨骼肌力量增大、行走机械效率提高、生活质量得到不同程度的改善;但是其内在作用机制目前尚不清楚,还需进一步研究。     

网球专项大学生竞赛失败应对方式的实证研究

使用自编的竞赛失败应对方式调查问卷对武汉体育学院网球专项大学生竞赛失败的应对方式特点进行调查,并对不同年级、年龄、性别及不同应对方式的选择使用程度上进行对比分析。结果表明:不同群体的网球专项大学生在竞赛失败后应对方式的使用上存在差异;体育教育专业网球专项大学生在比赛失败后各种应对方式的使用方式依次是解决问题、回避与幻想、情绪求助与宣泄、容忍与失助性反应、自责。