《学生体质健康标准》测试报告信息增进系统的构建研究

主要目的在于采用基于统计方法的新思想,用以改进现行体质健康标准测试的信息收集系统。以一个班级的体质健康测试数据为案例,应用统计的思想和方法提取出了对于学生和老师各自有效的信息,构造了便于分析和记录的大学生个人运动水平信息表,为体育教师因材施教提供了数据跟踪信息。     

论波普概率的倾向解释

哲学家对概率的基础给出了不同的解释。波普通过分析逻辑解释和主观解释的困难,提出了倾向解释。波普的倾向性解释扬弃了早期的频率解释,但是倾向性解释就单一事件的解释方面还有些问题。     

基于主观概率的组织知识的表征方法

提出基于心理学的知识定义,分析知识的信念特征;给出基于主观概率表征知识的方法;深入探讨基于主观概率的组织知识的纵向维度分析和横向维度分析的意义及其表征方法。其中,纵向维度分析将组织知识表示为共享知识、局部知识和个体知识;横向维度分析将组织知识表示为组织认识知识、组织价值知识和组织情感知识。组织知识的内涵及其分布分析,为探索组织知识与组织绩效的关系构建了理论基础。     

Documents and debates Social exclusion,sure start and organizational social capital: evaluating inter‐disciplinary multi‐agency working in an education and health work programme

Social policy‐making in the UK under the Labour government has galvanized around the issue of social exclusion, identifying young children (0–4 years) and their families living in areas of high social disadvantage to be particularly at risk. This paper attempts to recover the experiences and views of professionals concerned with the delivery and implementation of a multi‐agency programme tackling the social exclusion of these young children and their families known as Sure Start. The data are based on the analysis of documentation, attendance and observation at meetings, and 32 semi‐structured interviews with members of the inter‐disciplinary team responsible for the Sure Start programme's delivery. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed using open coding from grounded theorizing. The paper, in reflecting on the problems and dilemmas of multi‐agency approaches and reported in other research, considers how the preliminary findings from this study suggest the team have managed to accommodate and overcome these potential difficulties, to facilitate an integrated, holistic and user‐centred approach to the programme. The paper concludes by considering the possibility that the team's approach may be conceptually located within an organizational social capital framework as posited by Nahapiet and Ghoshal.     

Analysis of group performance with categorical data when agents are heterogeneous: The evaluation of scholastic performance in the OECD through PISA

This paper analyzes the evaluation of the relative performance of a set of groups when their outcomes are defined in terms of categorical data and the groups’ members are heterogeneous. This type of problem has been dealt with in Herrero and Villar (2013) for the case of a homogeneous population. Here we expand their model controlling for heterogeneity by means of inverse probability weighting techniques. We apply this extended model to the analysis of the scholastic performance of fifteen-year-old students in the OECD countries, using the data in the PISA. We evaluate the relative performance of the different countries out of the distribution of the students’ achievements across the different levels of competence, controlling by the students’ characteristics (explanatory variables regarding schooling and family environment). We find that differences in mathematical and reading abilities across OECD countries would lower by between 40% and 50% if the students’ characteristics would be those for the OECD average.     

Knowing what you don't know makes failure productive

To progress from intuitive ideas to deep conceptual understanding, students need to become aware of gaps in their ideas. Attempting to solve problems prior to instruction may lead to a global awareness of knowledge gaps (i.e., awareness without being able to identify which specific component is lacking). These gaps may subsequently be specified by comparing students' solutions to the canonical solution. In our first experiment, the teacher highlighted specific gaps by comparing typical student solutions to the canonical solution before or after problem solving. The second experiment varied the factors form of instruction (with or without student solutions) and timing of instruction (problem-solving prior to or after instruction). Problem-solving prior to instruction triggered a global awareness of knowledge gaps. While this was beneficial for learning when combined with instruction with student solutions, our results indicate that comparing student solutions during instruction to specify the gaps is the most relevant factor.     

关于一类连续型随机变量的最优区间问题

设随机变量的概率密度函数为R(Rn)上连续函数,给出最优区间(区域)的概念,讨论最优区间(区域)的必要条件,并且以四个实例说明最优区间的求解思路.     

煤岩卸荷破坏力学特征的试验与分析

深部地层的煤岩都处在地层压力作用下,其本身存在一定的内部应力。如果对这样的煤岩进行开挖,煤岩的破坏特征往往是卸荷破坏,而不是加载破坏。为了研究煤岩在卸荷破坏条件下的力学特征,提取煤岩试件,在三轴试验机上完成卸荷破坏试验,得到大量试验数据,并进行分析,推导其本构关系和破坏准则解析表达式。     

房地产市场失灵的原因及矫正对策

不断上涨的房价说明房地产市场已经是失灵的市场,究其失灵之因,主要源于房地产市场的特殊性。社会主义公有制的土地所有制性质和国有土地有偿使用制度为地方政府提供了"既得利益",同时也创造了房地产商的"垄断利润",这必然导致高额的房价。政府规制是解决房地产市场失灵的主要方法。只有把政府规制措施从"宏观调控"的框架内剥离出来并纳入《反垄断法》的范畴,才能有效抑制房价的过快上涨。     

汉英非言语交际的文化对比及语用失误说略

为更好地提高汉英两种语言间的跨文化交际语用能力,文章对汉英两种文化在非言语交际中的异同进行了归纳。指出,不可忽视汉英非言语交际文化的缺乏而导致的语用失误现象。