唐宋逃户与社会流动关系研究

逃户问题历来是我国封建社会普遍存在的一个社会现象。唐宋时期逃户现象依然十分严重,但这一时期的统治者迫于形势,在民户逃移政策上已由原来的政治强制为主转变为经济鼓励为主,在户籍制度上也做了相应的调整。正是基于此,民户的迁徙自由在一定程度上得以实现,使社会流动成为可能。     

Early intervention in Portugal: family support and benefits

This study investigated the support and benefits of early intervention (EI) in families with children with special needs. Data were gathered through a written questionnaire, ‘Family Benefits Inventory’, completed by 126 families with children with special needs supported by EI teams, with ages from six months to six years in Portugal. The global results obtained in this study allowed us to conclude that families considered that they obtained benefit from EI and received support most of the time in the different dimensions of the questionnaire. Furthermore, support given by an EI professional had a positive influence on families' perceptions regarding the benefits of EI.     

The Transition to Kindergarten

The transition to kindergarten is a significant event for young children and their families. The methods teacher use to orient children and families to formal schooling can have a long term effect on academic achievement. This study examined the transition activities of over 3000 kindergarten teachers that participated in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study conducted by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES). The results show that most schools do not provide a comprehensive transition plan that allows teachers and parents to exchange important information about child development and school expectations.     

Resilience against all odds: A positive psychology perspective of adolescent-headed families

Abstract

As a result of the AIDS pandemic, adolescent-headed families are becoming a common trend in South Africa. However, little is known about the experiences of the adolescent, especially within the school context. Hence the purpose of this article was to explore the experiences of adolescents within the school context. During our initial review of literature we became very disillusioned by the findings of previous studies that portrayed an extremely bleak picture of the experiences of such adolescents. We decided to focus on adolescents from adolescent-headed homes that were displaying resilience in their academic and personal lives despite the odds. Resilience theory and positive psychology assisted us in exploring this topic. Data were collected through individual and focus group interviews with learners and educators. The findings identify specific aspects that are essential to creating resilience to such an extent that they could be positive despite their life situations. We focus on those aspects to assist those adolescents that are indeed not coping.     

Family and individual predictors of child care use by low-income families in different policy contexts

We examine family and individual characteristics that predict low-income parents’ child care use, problems with child care, and receipt of public subsidies using data from three demonstration studies testing policies to promote employment for low-income parents (primarily single mothers). The characteristics that mattered most, particularly for use of center-based care were family structure (ages and number of children), parents’ education, and personal beliefs about family and work. The effects of race and ethnicity were inconsistent suggesting that generalizations about ethnic differences in child care preferences should be viewed with caution. There was little support for the proposition that many low-income parents do not need child care assistance because they use relative care. Child care subsidies and other policies designed to reduce the cost of care and to increase parents’ employment appeared to meet the needs associated with caring for very young children and for large families and were most effective in reaching parents with relatively less consistent prior employment experience. Parents whose education and personal beliefs were consistent with a preference for center-based care were most likely to take advantage of the opportunity to choose that option and to use subsidies.     

关于高校贫困家庭学生助学工作效益问题的探讨

助学工作效益直接关系到国家有关贫困家庭学生资助政策的落实和高校贫困家庭学生的成长、成才.要提高助学工作的效益,必须全面正确理解助学工作效益的内涵,客观分析影响制约助学工作效益的因素,进而采取有针对性的措施.     

以学生为本做好高校贫困生工作初探

贫困生是大学校园中的有着相当数量的弱势群体。贫困生问题的解决，关系到高校人才培养的质量和学校、社会的稳定。高校工作必须以学生为本，把资助困难学生完成学业作为一项重要工作来抓。本文从以人为本指导思想出发，对贫困生产生的原因、存在的问题以及做好贫困生工作途径作一些粗浅的探讨。     

古代王室政治婚姻初论

王室政治婚姻是一种借助婚姻形式来达到政治目的的政治策略 ,在历史上曾产生过重要影响。它的类型多种多样 ,作用也因联姻的目的不同而大相径庭。由于此类婚姻的基础是王位世袭制度 ,因此 ,当民族国家形成后 ,它便逐渐退出了历史舞台     

高校特殊困难毕业生就业心理分析与对策研究

特殊困难毕业生就业应受到社会各界的关注,政府、社会、高校、学生本人、家长应共同努力。就高校而言,既要把特殊困难毕业生就业问题作为工作重点,建构特殊政策,提出特殊要求,提供特别指导和服务,也要更多关注特殊学生的共性和个性,给予他们更多的理解、支持和鼓励。     

Teasing apart the child care conundrum: A factorial survey analysis of perceptions of child care quality, fair market price and willingness to pay by low-income, African American parents

Child care quality plays a crucial role in children's social and cognitive development. While child care quality is a critical issue for all children, it matters more for low-income children. Policy makers have increased the emphasis on allowing parents, not government, to make decisions about the type of care they want for their children. Yet most research on child care quality has focused on how child care professionals, not parents define high quality care. This study investigates how low-income families evaluate child care quality by examining the child care preferences of a sample of low-income African American parents. We employ the factorial survey method, a method used in sociological research to assess people's perceptions and rankings of individual attributes associated with complex multidimensional phenomena. The factorial survey method permits a simultaneous assessment of how respondents evaluate and make tradeoffs among multiple child care characteristics. We assess the impact of child care characteristics on respondents’ perceptions of child care desirability, fair market value, and willingness to pay. Findings indicate that parents’ definition of quality focused squarely on the care giving environment, specifically the qualifications, experience, training and behavior associated with the child care provider. The type of care facility—family, center, relative or neighbor care was largely irrelevant to this sample of parents. Parents believed that the characteristics they defined as desirable child care situations were worth more, and parents were willing to pay more for these characteristics. These parents also defined quality in terms of race and class, and they wanted racial and economic diversity. This research suggests parents may choose lower quality care, not because they do not know what quality is or because they define quality care differently, but because such care may be neither available nor affordable in their communities.