环境中氡及其子体的危害与防治

氡是自然界中广泛存在的一种天然放射性气体,是人居环境中最直接的污染物,其危害是看不见、摸不着的,氡及其子体是铀、钍等放射性元素产物,是引发肺癌的重要致病因子,氡对人体的辐射伤害占人体所受到的全部环境辐射的55%以上,长期受到氡辐射,会导致肺癌、白血病、皮肤癌及其它呼吸道病变的产生。因此国内外科技界也越来越关注氡的辐射问题,为提高空气品质,保护人体免受辐射危害,本文重点介绍了氡的物理化学性质、环境中氡的来源及浓度水平、各种建筑材料中放射性核素的含量,讨论了通风对室内氡水平的影响,认为依靠住宅建筑和装修完成后的补救措施来防治室内氡危害的效能是有限的,防治室内氡危害的关键措施是从源头上减少氡的来源。     

高校内部经济责任审计的特征与风险防范

高校内部经济责任审计具有审计对象双重性、审计内容广泛性、审计结果作用多元性、审计高风险性等特征。在分析高校内部经济责任审计风险原因的基础上，提出了一些质量控制和防范风险的措施。     

Eating disorder prevention initiatives for athletes: A review

A substantial amount of evidence suggests that collegiate and elite athletes involved in weight-sensitive sports are at greater risk of developing eating disorders (EDs) than the general population. With the limited effectiveness of treatment for EDs, prevention of EDs has been broadly considered in the literature. The present paper reviewed the existing literature on ED prevention programmes for athletes in order to determine the current status of prevention programmes and recommend future directions. The available literature suggests that selective, primary interventions with multiple targets and an interactive multimodal approach appear most effective. Current challenges in the field, including lack of longitudinal research, hesitation by the sport community to be involved in ED research and poor cross-field communication and collaboration, are also explored. The lack of dissemination of evidence-based prevention programmes and the simultaneous promotion of prevention programmes that have not yet been empirically examined are also discussed. Based on these observations future directions are recommended.     

Hip and upper extremity kinematics in youth baseball pitchers

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between dynamic hip rotational range of motion and upper extremity kinematics during baseball pitching. Thirty-one youth baseball pitchers (10.87 ± 0.92 years; 150.03 ± 5.48 cm; 44.83 ± 8.04 kg) participated. A strong correlation was found between stance hip rotation and scapular upward rotation at maximum shoulder external rotation (r = 0.531, P = 0.002) and at ball release (r = 0.536, P = 0.002). No statistically significant correlations were found between dynamic hip rotational range of motion and passive hip range of motion. Hip range of motion deficits can constrain pelvis rotation and limit energy generation in the lower extremities. Shoulder pathomechanics can then develop as greater responsibility is placed on the shoulder to generate the energy lost from the proximal segments, increasing risk of upper extremity injury. Additionally, it appears that passive seated measurements of hip range of motion may not accurately reflect the dynamic range of motion of the hips through the progression of the pitch cycle.     

狄更斯笔下的儿童教育问题

狄更斯一生写了二十多部小说 ,提出了方方面面的社会问题 ,其中对儿童的教育问题提得特别多。在作品中他极力为苦难儿童呐喊 ,强烈呼吁社会、学校及家庭重视儿童的教育问题 ,关心并帮助儿童健康成长。     

国外对中小学生家庭环境影响的研究及其启示

20世纪60年代中期以来,国外有关中小学生家庭环境对学习成绩影响的研究成果丰硕,国外对中小学生家庭环境影响的研究大致经历了从家庭环境结构维度到家庭环境过程维度再到家庭环境资本维度的历史演变过程,梳理这些研究成果对我国目前正在进行的教育改革有着重要的启示。     

斡脱：蒙元时期民事制度的一个创新

本是对蒙元时期的特殊商业现象——斡脱进行研究。首先，对蒙元时期的斡脱语义进行了分析，认为在蒙古族中早就有发这个音的词，后来西域人到蒙古国后，这个词出现了多种意义，其中之一是成为一种商业的专称。其次，本重点论证了斡脱作为一种民事行为相当于现代的信托行为。最后，对斡脱作为信托在蒙元时期商业活动中的作用进行了评估。     

浅谈行政指导行为的性质及转化

行政指导是行政机关的新型行政行为,是现代国家发展经济、科技、文化、教育和环境保护等事业的有效手段。但是,每一个新生事物都会存在适应社会的阶段,在这个阶段中,不可避免的会存在不如人意的地方。行政指导作为一种新型的调节手段,也不例外,存在许多不完善的地方。本文将从行政指导行为的性质谈起,对行政指导行为在行政指导过程中转化为强制性行政指导行为这一问题进行论述。     

预防学生伤害事故发生的措施

在影响学校稳定的众多因素中,学生伤害事故最引人关注。我国在校学生人身伤害事故的频繁发生,给受害学生及其家长带来身体及精神上的极大伤害。为了学生的健康发展,减少和避免学生伤害事故,学校应采取措施积极预防。     

A case study on the experiences of university-based Muslim women in physical activity during their studies at one UK higher education institution

The case study explores the experiences of Muslim women in the area of physical activity participation conducted whilst they were studying at one UK University. Previous research in the field indicated that Muslim women can be denied opportunities to participate in areas of sport-related physical activity through multiple factors such as socio-cultural, familial, religious or sporting structural constraints. Despite increased knowledge about the inclusion of Muslim girls in school-based physical education and sport, there is a dearth of literature on Muslim women's experiences post their school years. Informed by socio-cultural theories of the body, identity and embodied cultures, the study focuses on Muslim women's early physical activity experiences, university-based participation patterns and reflections on the influences that shaped their attitudes and beliefs towards such participation. Open-ended questionnaires, 34/50 returned (68%), and 6 in-depth interviews were conducted with volunteers studying a wide range of programmes. Content analysis revealed that values, attitudes and behaviours were largely influenced by the family; prior to university, the women's physical activity experiences were mixed and dependent on family activity patterns and school-based opportunities; university recreational sport-related provision did not cater for the women's Islamic needs denying them opportunities to participate. Religious belief and cultural expectations made a significant contribution to the women's preferences for participation environments that respected their Islamic beliefs.