Factorial structure of the New Ecological Paradigm scale in two French samples

The principal objective of this research is to test the factorial structure of the New Ecological Paradigm scale on a population of men and women residing in France. The tested model is a second-order factorial model. This factorial structure is evaluated on two separate samples to test the stability of the solution (a first sample of 253 participants, diversified in terms of age and socioprofessional category, and a second sample of 266 students). The results confirm the existence of a second-order factorial structure in which environmental beliefs, measured based on 13 items taken from the New Ecological Paradigm scale, would constitute a homogeneous system of beliefs supported in five distinct dimensions.     

浑浊易沉淀液体样品总有机碳测定方法

改良了一种针对浑浊易沉淀液体的总有机碳(TOC)检测方法(固体NPOC法),并验证了该方法的可靠性与准确性,优化了该方法中样品的预处理过程,通过实际样品进一步验证了该方法检测浑浊易沉淀液体样品TOC的准确性。结果表明:此方法与标准液体的NPOC法均可用于可溶性葡萄糖溶液的TOC测定,其准确度无显著性差异(P0.05);但测定浑浊易沉淀的不溶性淀粉标准溶液时,液体NPOC法所测定的值明显小于标准值和固体NPOC法的测定结果,且淀粉浓度越大,差异越明显;对样品进行盐酸酸化,其pH值低于4即可,总进样体积以200μL或300μL为佳。     

实境、幻境、真境——论余华小说《第七天》的现实突围

在《第七天》中余华延续了对苦难的书写这一创作风格,通过一个灵魂寻找父亲的旅程,将社会新闻进行串烧,在爱与死亡的碰触中建构了实境、幻境和真境。作品有意识地将现实和阴间进行对比和互相穿插,体现作者对现实的焦虑、担忧以及企图通过"爱"对现实进行"突围",让灵魂在爱的浸润下获得升华。     

汽车用制动摩擦材料性能试验的研究现状及发展

汽车用制动摩擦材料的性能试验结果是摩擦材料的配方设计和工艺调整的试验依据。综述了汽车用制动摩擦材料的小样试验、台架试验和道路试验对性能检测的研究现状,评述了每种试验方法的优缺点和应用特点,并对其发展趋势加以总结。     

“底层文学”研究的困境

“底层文学”的相关研究在过去近十年之中取得了一些成果,但是,由于种种原因,跟风而上的研究热潮却陷入困境,比如边界模糊,样本以偏概全,观点重复,阐释大于创作等。另外,如何表达底层生存、作品文本价值的评价、“底层文学”接受者研究等三个方面的研究仍需深入。     

县域耕地质量等别监测样点布控研究

本文基于农用地分等数据库和实地挖掘土壤剖面、农户调查等数据,采用空间叠置、地统计学、统计检验等方法,对内蒙古达拉特旗耕地质量等别监测样点布控进行研究,并提出了县域耕地等别监测分区、样点布设方法和精度检验方法。研究结果表明：①县域耕地质量监测控制区的划定可以依据耕地自然质量控制区、利用等值区和经济水平等值区,通过空间叠置,确定县域耕地质量监测控制区;②监测样点的确定可以依据地统计学空间分层抽样的原理,计算监测样点的总数量,采用面积比例分配方法确定各监测控制区监测样点数量;③达拉特旗耕地质量等别监测共划分20个监测控制区,并布设了36个监测样点,经统计学检验,监测样点的代表性程度满足地统计学代表性要求。达拉特旗县域耕地等别监测样点布控方法的建立可以为其它县域耕地质量动态监测提供借鉴,为我国实现耕地数量、质量并重管理提供技术支撑。     

Interferences from blood collection tube components on clinical chemistry assays

Improper design or use of blood collection devices can adversely affect the accuracy of laboratory test results. Vascular access devices, such as catheters and needles, exert shear forces during blood flow, which creates a predisposition to cell lysis. Components from blood collection tubes, such as stoppers, lubricants, surfactants, and separator gels, can leach into specimens and/or adsorb analytes from a specimen; special tube additives may also alter analyte stability. Because of these interactions with blood specimens, blood collection devices are a potential source of pre-analytical error in laboratory testing. Accurate laboratory testing requires an understanding of the complex interactions between collection devices and blood specimens. Manufacturers, vendors, and clinical laboratorians must consider the pre-analytical challenges in laboratory testing. Although other authors have described the effects of endogenous substances on clinical assay results, the effects/impact of blood collection tube additives and components have not been well systematically described or explained. This review aims to identify and describe blood collection tube additives and their components and the strategies used to minimize their effects on clinical chemistry assays.     

A Comparative Study of Clinical Utility of Spot Urine Samples with 24-h Urine Albumin Excretion for Screening of Microalbuminuria in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Twenty-four hour urinary albumin excretion (UAE) is considered as gold standard method for albuminuria measurement, but collection of 24-h urine is inconvenient. The aim of present study was to evaluate whether albumin: creatinine ratio (ACR) and urinary albumin concentration (UAC) in different spot urine samples correlate or not with 24-h UAE for screening of microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetic patients. We collected first morning void (FMV), random urine sample (RUS) and 24-h urine, separately on consecutive days from 104 type 2 diabetic patients. ACR and UAC in each spot urine sample compared with 24-h UAE with regard to Pearson correlation coefficient. Pearson’s correlation of albumin: creatinine ratio (ACR) with 24-h UAE was (r = 0.802 and 0.623) in first morning void (FMV) and random urine sample (RUS), respectively. Pearson’s correlation coefficient of urinary albumin concentration (UAC) compared with 24-h UAE was (r = 0.943 and 0.920), in FMV and RUS, respectively, P < 0.01. Results revealed that values in first morning void (FMV) were better correlated with 24-h urinary albumin excretion (UAE), than the values in random urine sample (RUS). We conclude that the first morning void (FMV) may be able to replace 24-h urine collection, preferably urinary albumin concentration (UAC) in the initial screening of microalbuminuria in diabetic patients.     

创意扩散的自由碰撞统计模型

通过对创意、创意受体进行抽象,借助自由碰撞理论,建立描述创意扩散的抽象过程和普遍趋势的数学模型,即创意扩散的自由碰撞统计模型,分析模型基本假设的现实合理性,并依据该模型进行了模拟仿真,分析结果基本符合实际情况.     

Reduction of gross hemolysis in catheter-drawn blood using Greiner Holdex? tube holder

Introduction:

Blood collection through intravenous lines frequently causes spurious hemolysis. Due to specific structure, the tube holder Holdex^® (Greiner Bio-One GmbH, Kremsmuenster, Austria) is supposed to prevent erythrocyte injury in samples collected from catheters, so that we planned a specific study to support this hypothesis.

Materials and methods:

Blood was collected from emergency department (ED) patients with 20-gauge catheter. In patients with odd order numbers, first and second tubes were collected with conventional holder (BD Vacutainer One Use Holder, Becton Dickinson, Milan, Italy) and the third with Holdex, whereas in even patients first and second tubes were drawn with Holdex and the third using BD Vacutainer One Use Holder. The first tube was discarded, whereas the second and third were centrifuged and serum was tested for potassium, lactate dehydrogenase (LD) and hemolysis index.

Results:

The final study population consisted in 60 ED patients. Concentrations of potassium (4.25 vs. 4.16 mmol/L; P = 0.031), LD (498 vs. 459 U/L; P = 0.039) and cell-free hemoglobin (0.42 vs. 0.22 g/L; P = 0.042) were higher in samples collected with BD Vacutainer One Use Holder than with Holdex. The mean bias of cell-free hemoglobin was −0.4 g/L in samples collected with Holdex. Although the frequency of samples with cell-free hemoglobin > 0.5 g/L was identical (17/60 vs. 17/60; P = 1.00), the frequency of those with concentrations >3.0 g/L was higher using BD Vacutainer One Use Holder than Holdex (4/60 vs. 0/60; P = 0.042).

Conclusions:

The use of Holdex for drawing blood from intravenous lines may be effective for reducing gross hemolysis.