Preanalytical requirements of urinalysis

Urine may be a waste product, but it contains an enormous amount of information. Well-standardized procedures for collection, transport, sample preparation and analysis should become the basis of an effective diagnostic strategy for urinalysis. As reproducibility of urinalysis has been greatly improved due to recent technological progress, preanalytical requirements of urinalysis have gained importance and have become stricter. Since the patients themselves often sample urine specimens, urinalysis is very susceptible to preanalytical issues. Various sampling methods and inappropriate specimen transport can cause important preanalytical errors. The use of preservatives may be helpful for particular analytes. Unfortunately, a universal preservative that allows a complete urinalysis does not (yet) exist. The preanalytical aspects are also of major importance for newer applications (e.g. metabolomics). The present review deals with the current preanalytical problems and requirements for the most common urinary analytes.     

Introduction to Sample Size Choice for Confidence Intervals Based on t Statistics

Sample size can be chosen to achieve a specified width in a confidence interval. The probability of obtaining a narrow width given that the confidence interval includes the population parameter is defined as the power of the confidence interval, a concept unfamiliar to many practitioners. This article shows how to utilize the Statistical Analysis System (SAS) proc power procedure to determine an appropriate sample size and achieve sufficient power for a specified confidence interval. Two examples in sport and exercise science are used to illustrate sample size determination for confidence intervals in the dependent and independent t tests. The relevant SAS code and output are provided with detailed annotations. As the use of confidence intervals becomes a more integral part of studies in sport and exercise science, the reporting and analysis of their power should be considered much like that of hypothesis tests.     

硫氰酸亚铜产品纯度的测定

分别采用佛尔哈德返滴定法和间接碘量法测定了由废液制得硫氰酸亚铜产品中硫氰酸根和总铜的含量。硫氰酸根的待测试液由样品与NaOH溶液通过加热反应制备;测定总铜的试液分别采用硫酸—硝酸和过氧化氢—硝酸与样品反应制备,实验结果表明,用两种方法制备铜试液所测得的总铜含量无差异。所提出的用过氧化氢—硝酸制备总铜试液的方法较硫酸—硝酸制备方法具有方便、快捷的优点。     

扁藻细胞电镜观察的制样技术

以海洋单细胞微藻亚心型扁藻为材料 ,对海水水样中活体单细胞微藻的亚显微结构观察样品的制备技术进行了探索。选用 2 .5 %的戊二醛固定液和 1 %的锇酸固定液对样品进行双固定的技术 ;先酒精后丙酮按浓度梯度顺次进行脱水 ;再用Epon81 2环氧树脂作为包埋剂进行包埋 ;最后经过醋酸铀 -枸橼酸铅双染色后将切片用透射电镜进行亚显微结构的形态观察。采用本方法进行水样中活体样品的电镜制片 ,拍得清晰度较高的电镜照片 ,并通过照片对水样中运动细胞透射电镜样品制备技术进行了分析。     

在自由与利润之间：网络小说的裂变发展

小说是网络文学中最受欢迎和最商业化的文体。网络小说目前呈现出三个主要特征：类型化的生产和消费模式、幻想性文学的彰显以及商业化与非商业化写作的共存。不过,网络小说的发展也面临抄袭和侵权等诸多问题。     

城市住户调查中的样本轮换问题研究

从我国城市住户调查的实际情况出发，就城市住户调查中现行样本轮换方法、存在的问题及改进方法等方面进行了详细的阐述。     

A study of associations among attachment patterns,maltreatment, and behavior problem in institutionalized children in Japan

The present study investigates the relationships among children's history of maltreatment, attachment patterns, and behavior problems in Japanese institutionalized children. Twenty-nine children (12 boys and 17 girls) from three different institutions in the Kinki area (Western part of Japan) participated in this study. Their average age was 6. 41-years (ranging from 4 to 10). Thirteen of the children (44.8%) had history of maltreatment before they were institutionalized. Children's attachment was assessed by the Attachment Doll Play Assessment (George & Solomon, 1990, 1996, 2000). The child’s main caregiver answered the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL; Archenbach, 1991) to identify children's behavior problems. Results indicated a significant relationship between maltreatment history and attachment pattern. The relationship between attachment pattern and behavior problem was also confirmed. Implications and limitations of this study were discussed.     

对于概率中样本空间的两点注释

从古典概型中事件概率的计算和事件的独立性两方面,通过举例较深入地分析了样本空间选取的重要性,并指出在概率计算中要充分利用概率概念。     

The Magical Number 7

This article describes an interactive activity that involves students participating in a memory recall test. Data collected from the activity may be used to illustrate the one‐sample t test or one‐sample sign test.     

湖北省高职专业课程技能抽考制度框架初探

基于教学改革以及高职人才培养质量评价需要,对中国各省及国外高职院校技能抽考制度进行了研究,结合湖北省高职院校专业建设情况分析,由此构建了湖北省高职专业技能课程抽考制度框架。在该框架下对湖北省高职技能抽考专业课程选择、考核方式、题库建设、评价模式进行了初步探索。