加强实践环节的铁路线路课程设计探索

线路课程设计是一门综合运用理论和专业知识的实践课程,对工程实际经验依赖性很强。本文分析了目前铁道工程线路课程设计培养现状,论述了加强实践环节的必要性,并开展了加强赴现场模拟踏勘、邀请线路设计专家入校讲解等尝试,以期为类似实践性较强的课程设计提供参考。     

The P,A and R of participatory action research with unaccompanied girls

This article discusses the possibilities and the challenges of conducting participatory action research (PAR) with unaccompanied asylum-seeking children and youth. Drawing from a PAR project with 12 unaccompanied asylum-seeking girls in a Finnish reception centre, the paper explores the P, A and R of PAR asking the following questions: what kind of participation is relevant in such a challenging phase of life, being in a new society without families; what is ‘good’ action in these circumstances; and, finally, what is the involvement of the children in conducting the research when they find the practical end product clearly more interesting? The results show that as a flexible and child-centred research method, PAR can be used to promote the participation of children and youth in a reception centre. However, participation in research should not be mandatory: unaccompanied children who have often had too many responsibilities and inadequate protection in the past desire to be assured that it is the adults’ responsibility to make the right decisions concerning the improvements of the children’s lives.     

公民政治参与的可能性和必要性

本文从经济和政党制度两个方面论述了公民政治参与的可能性和必要性。经济方面:公民的经济实力增强了,政治参与的积极性越来越强;从政党制度方面:‘三个代表’代表了我国人民的根本利益,为我国公民政治参与提供了坚实的基础和可靠的保证。     

环境规划公众参与中的GIS应用研究

国外环境规划公众参与中GIS的应用模式主要有技术支持模式和社区融合模式。技术支持模式是当今较为流行的模式，在这种模式里，第三方（大学或私人公司）提供给社区数据、软件和分析，社区自由提出问题和想法，第三方的角色在于提供研究和分析。社区融合模式是指社区通过第三方（大学或企业实体）获取硬件、软件和数据，专家在社区建构GIS的发展能力，第三方的角色是建立基础设施，社区帮助第三方确认并收集他们所需的数据。针对我国环境规划公众参与不足的现状，提出借鉴国外经验将GIS技术逐步应用于我国环境规划公众参与中的设想。     

From the bottom-up: New York City teacher evaluation and the narration of mediated institutional assault

Following the trend of consequential accountability in US public education, New York City introduced a teacher evaluation program during the 2013–2014 school year that linked teachers’ individual performance ratings with their students’ exam scores. As this program systemically alters the nature of teacher–student relationships by transforming students into the means to an end (teachers’ professional viability), this study investigated the implementation of this accountability program from the point of view of the teachers – those who were the subject of this new policy. This study of 15 teachers’ narratives from 3 distinct schools illuminates a social-organizational process that I refer to as mediated institutional assault – a perceived attack on the teachers’ sense of personhood and moral agency perpetrated by mediating figures whose actions were facilitated by bureaucratic policies and institutionally coordinated tools of control. Thus, this study reveals that the consequence of this new mode of accountability is not merely the threat of losing one’s job, but also an insidious form of psychological assault, which in its masked delivery violates teachers’ sense of relational morality and challenges deeply engrained beliefs about their role as educators.     

Different children’s perspectives on their learning environment

This article reports and discusses findings from an ethnographic case study, aiming to gain a deeper understanding of how different children perceive their learning environment in the first grade of primary school, with regard to social as well as academic aspects. The theoretical framework is based on an interactional perspective, where children’s learning and development are considered to take place in a dynamic and ecological system. The reported results are based on interviews with 16 children, and observed teaching situations during the first year of primary school. Research among children demands special ethical considerations, such as how to avoid questions and interest from the researcher affecting the position of children being vulnerable in some way. The findings show that, within a group of children, facing a similar learning environment, there are significant differences between the experiences expressed. The findings presented support the importance of listening to children when planning educational settings. Listening to and taking into account the children’s different voices is an essential part of research and education that strives for inclusion, learning and well-being of all children.     

我国行政决策听证制度的政治学分析

行政听证制度在我国属于舶来品,行政决策听证更是不甚完善,但是将听证制度纳入行政决策领域有其合理的政治基础。本文将从政治参与、政治民主、政治文化、政治社会化、政治合法化、政治发展六个方面对其进行论述,阐明对行政决策进行听证的理论基础及合理性。     

揭开神秘的面纱--评《神话与现实-〈一千零一夜〉论》

郅溥浩所著《神话与现实-<一千零一夜>论》是我国第一部以多层次、多视角研究阿拉伯民间文学《一千零一夜》的专著。作者首先追本溯源,解析《一千零一夜》的成书之谜;其次在国际民间故事研究的宏大视野下,考察其故事母题和故事类型的特点;再用微观求证的方法,以文化参与的开阔视点深入挖掘文本的丰富文化内涵并探究其双重价值取向;最后在宏观的视野下考察其世界地位。     

阿尔兹海默症患者的语义记忆损伤:表现、理论及展望

图片命名、范畴流畅性等神经心理学测验表明,阿尔兹海默症(AD)患者普遍存在语义记忆的损伤,并随着病程的发展表现出进行性与弥散性特点。AD患者语义记忆的损伤既可能由语义知识的存储障碍造成,也可能由语义知识的提取障碍引发,还可能由存储与提取的双重损伤造成。未来研究应开发出对早期AD检测更为敏感的语义记忆测验,并采用横向与纵向多种研究技术与手段,考虑不同语言文化背景下AD患者语义损伤的情况,以综合分析AD患者语义记忆损伤的实质及其发展趋势。