从大学生入伍体检合格率看我国学校体育的责任

未来战争需要身体和文化素质较高的军人,从在校大学生中征兵是改善军队质量的重要措施。当前我国大学生体质较差,入伍体检合格率极低。研究认为:多元化的体育教学思想、应试教育体制、体育课的评价标准、学校卫生工作是造成这一状况的主要原因。改变这一现状学校体育的责任重大。     

Maximal lactate steady state in trained adolescent runners

The aims of this study were: (1) to identify the exercise intensity that corresponds to the maximal lactate steady state in adolescent endurance-trained runners; (2) to identify any differences between the sexes; and (3) to compare the maximal lactate steady state with commonly cited fixed blood lactate reference parameters. Sixteen boys and nine girls volunteered to participate in the study. They were first tested using a stepwise incremental treadmill protocol to establish the blood lactate profile and peak oxygen uptake ([Vdot]O₂). Running speeds corresponding to fixed whole blood lactate concentrations of 2.0, 2.5 and 4.0?mmol?·?l^?1 were calculated using linear interpolation. The maximal lactate steady state was determined from four separate 20-min constant-speed treadmill runs. The maximal lactate steady state was defined as the fastest running speed, to the nearest 0.5?km?·?h^?1, where the change in blood lactate concentration between 10 and 20?min was?<0.5?mmol?·?l^?1. Although the boys had to run faster than the girls to elicit the maximal lactate steady state (15.7 vs 14.3?km?·?h^?1, P?<0.01), once the data were expressed relative to percent peak [Vdot]O₂ (85 and 85%, respectively) and percent peak heart rate (92 and 94%, respectively), there were no differences between the sexes (P?>0.05). The running speed and percent peak [Vdot]O₂ at the maximal lactate steady state were not different to those corresponding to the fixed blood lactate concentrations of 2.0 and 2.5?mmol?·?l^?1 (P?>0.05), but were both lower than those at the 4.0?mmol?·?l^?1 concentration (P?<0.05). In conclusion, the maximal lactate steady state corresponded to a similar relative exercise intensity as that reported in adult athletes. The running speed, percent peak [Vdot]O₂ and percent peak heart rate at the maximal lactate steady state are approximated by the fixed blood lactate concentration of 2.5?mmol?·?l^?1 measured during an incremental treadmill test in boys and girls.     

Changes in locomotive rates during senior elite rugby league matches

Abstract

The aim of this study was to quantify the changes in locomotive rates across the duration of senior elite rugby league matches. A semi-automated image recognition system (ProZone 3, ProZone®, Leeds, England) was used to track the movements of 59 players from six teams during three competitive matches. The players were classified into one of four positional groups: props (n = 9), back row (n = 9), pivots (n = 14) or outside backs (n = 27). Players' movements were classified as low, high or very high intensity running and reported as locomotive rates (distance covered per minute played) for successive quarters of each match. Analysis of variance revealed that only the outside backs showed a significantly lower overall locomotive rate during the final quarter compared to the first (P < 0.05). However, locomotive rates for high and very high intensity running during the final quarter were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than the first quarter among outside backs, pivots and props despite no change in the rate of involvements in contact. On the basis of these findings, it is suggested that high and very high intensity running locomotive rates may be more affective methods of detecting fatigue during competitive matches than overall locomotive rate.     

"人学"视野下学校体育课程发展断想

新课程处处体现“以人为本”的人学思想,学校体育课程通过人化的回归,在更高文化层次上发展,才能符合时代发展的要求。作为学校教育的基础学科,学校体育课程的改革与发展,更应关注学生“多向度”的发展,唤醒学生的生命主体意识。     

对奉化市高中生课外体育活动现状的调查分析

课外体育活动是学校体育课的延伸,它既是校外课余活动的组成部分,又是学校体育工作的重要组成元素之一。课外体育活动能够直接影响学生的身心健康,是对学生自觉、自主体育锻炼能力的培养过程,同时也是为终身体育打下基础和落实《全民健身计划纲要》的需要。通过实地考察、问卷调查、文献资料和访谈等研究方法,对奉化市高中生参加课外体育活动的认识态度、活动项目、锻炼时间、活动的场地器材以及课外活动管理等方面进行了调查分析,为继续深化奉化市高中学校体育改革提供参考依据。     

少年女子短跑运动员途中跑支撑时间及影响因素

运用运动学与动力学理论，对少年女子短跑和跳跃项目运动员短跑途中跑支撑时间及相关影响因素进行研究。结果表明：支撑时间和年龄不相关，而是随速度提高而缩短；影响支撑时间的因素为技术、身高、快速力量和速度。通过与世界优秀运动员支撑时间比较显示：少年女子运动员支撑时间较长，腾空／支撑时间值小，前支撑／支撑时间值大，高水平运动员与此相反。认为：缩短支撑时间、形成各种合理时间特征比例是提高最大跑速的关键；在考察支撑时间对速度影响时，还应综合考虑身体结构和身高等因素。     

我国网球项目奥运备战运动员技、战术水平跟踪监测及比赛胜负规律分析

运用电视、录像、临场观察和数理统计等方法,对国家女子网球队奥运备战运动员主要比赛过程进行跟踪监测,研究分析我国女子网球运动员技战术水平和实力现状,正确定位我国女子网球整体水平,并从众多的统计数据中揭示网球项目比赛规律。     

传统武术现代化发展策略研究

传统武术作为中国传统文化的重要组成部分,在我国历史上发挥着重要的作用,是中华民族不可多得的艺术瑰宝,但是传统武术在现代时尚体育运动、竞技武术的冲击下,它的发展空间日益狭小,发展步伐举步维艰,甚至面临消亡的困境,文章针对传统武术发展的艰难现状,论述了传统武术的现代化发展道路。     

粤西沿海地区农村学校体育现状与发展对策

采用问卷调查法等对粤西沿海地区224所农村学校的体育现状进行了调查.结果表明:学校体育管理体制基本健全;体育教师数量基本达到规定要求,但专职教师存在缺口;教师性别、年龄结构较合理,学历、职称层次偏低;教学工作量大、科研能力差、工资收入低;体育教学质量不高,课余体育活动开展有待加强;体育经费、场地、器材严重不足.针对存在的问题,提出了相应的对策.     

体育保健康复知识在中小学体育教学中的应用研究

采用文献资料等研究方法,以中小学体育教学为切入点,对保健康复知识在中小学的应用进行深入研究发现:保健康复知识纳入到中小学体育教学中去可以丰富教学内容,提升学生兴趣、引导体育课程向更好的方面发展。同时,提出了在体育课堂进行讲授,开设保健康复课程以及把保健康复知识编写到中小学体育教材之中、对体育教师进行相关培训的对策,为保健康复知识在中小学体育课程中的应用提供重要的理论依据。