Effects of simultaneous auditory feedback on reading accuracy during reading development

Five groups of twelve right-handed male children from the second to the sixth grade with normal reading efficiency were tested under three conditions of simultaneous amplified auditory feedback, binaurally, to the left and to the right ear, on reading aboud two separate classes of words, nouns and nonwords. Lateralized feedback was supposed to shift auditory attention towards the source of input and modify as a consequence, the functionality of the contralateral hemisphere. Right ear feedback improved reading accuracy with respect to the control (binaural) or left ear condition in the first three grades. No effect was observed in the fifth grade whereas in the sixth grade, the condition of left ear feedback improved only the reading of nouns. Changes in reading accuracy are interpreted according to an hypothesis of a decrement of the left hemisphere involvement during the course of reading development. These changes are discussed in relation to Frith's (1985) psycholinguistic model of reading acquisition.     

Tutor feedback on draft essays: developing students’ academic writing and subject knowledge

Providing feedback on draft essays is an accepted means of enacting a social-constructivist approach to assessment, aligning with current views on the value of formative feedback and assessment for learning (AFL). However, the use of this process as a means of improving not only content but also students' academic writing skills has not been widely studied, despite a widespread perception that there is scope for intervention at university level. This article explores the developmental potential of a drafting/tutor feedback/redrafting process on a first-year undergraduate course for trainee English language teachers at a UK university. The aims of this small-scale, largely qualitative study were to ascertain students' perceptions of the process and to determine the extent to which the process could contribute to the development of students' academic writing. Data are derived from first and second draft essay marks and questionnaires administered to 32 students. Findings suggest that feedback on drafts is acted on and can contribute to improved work when it is timely and detailed and when it raises students' metacognitive awareness, as was the case in this project. Also noteworthy, however, are the students' perceptions that redrafting is cognitively challenging and time-consuming. Comments from a less academically confident student with regard to the quantity of feedback and its detrimental impact are of particular concern. Questions are raised regarding the use of tutor reformulation, the sustainability of AFL and the provision of feedback to – and its interpretation by – weaker students. Finally, some key indicators for improved future practice are presented.     

Enhancing query translation with relevance feedback in translingual information retrieval

As an effective technique for improving retrieval effectiveness, relevance feedback (RF) has been widely studied in both monolingual and translingual information retrieval (TLIR). The studies of RF in TLIR have been focused on query expansion (QE), in which queries are reformulated before and/or after they are translated. However, RF in TLIR actually not only can help select better query terms, but also can enhance query translation by adjusting translation probabilities and even resolving some out-of-vocabulary terms. In this paper, we propose a novel relevance feedback method called translation enhancement (TE), which uses the extracted translation relationships from relevant documents to revise the translation probabilities of query terms and to identify extra available translation alternatives so that the translated queries are more tuned to the current search. We studied TE using pseudo-relevance feedback (PRF) and interactive relevance feedback (IRF). Our results show that TE can significantly improve TLIR with both types of relevance feedback methods, and that the improvement is comparable to that of query expansion. More importantly, the effects of translation enhancement and query expansion are complementary. Their integration can produce further improvement, and makes TLIR more robust for a variety of queries.     

具有容错特性的反馈控制

考虑到最优反馈控制在部分执行器（传感器）失效时仍能使系统稳定运行的条件，给出了求解该总理的算法，并用实例作了说明。     

铅球飞行参数即时反馈系统的研制

"铅球飞行参数即时反馈系统"利用减影技术,用两个CCD窄缝像机,对铅球飞行轨迹上的两个点的高度与时间实现了实时检测。在给定出手高度的条件下,计算机分别计算出铅球的出手角度、出手速度、最佳出手角度等飞行参数,然后提供一个角度大于或偏于最佳出手角的反馈信息。下一次投掷时,系统能够根据上一次投掷的情况给运动员提供一个建议,即出手角度应该高一点或低一点。实验研究表明,该系统能够做到实时检测、实时反馈,是一台运动员技术训练的理想辅助器材,该设备尤其适合于具有较高水平的铅球运动员。     

运算放大器工作状态的判断及分析

在电子技术教学中,分析运算放大器系统时,应根据运算放大器系统的反馈情况,判断它的工作状态;分析工作状态时,要充分考虑运放系统是处于线性区还是饱和区。线性区可按虚短或虚地原则处理,饱和时不能按虚短原则处理,应用“虚短”和“虚地”时应注意“虚短”是“虚地”的特殊形式。     

Evaluating effects of atmospheric CO2 on stability of global climate: a cell-to-cell mapping approach

Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration [CO2], incoming solar radiation and sea ice coverage are among the most important factors that control the global climate. By applying the simple cell-to-cell mapping technique to a simplified atmosphere-ocean-sea ice feedback climate model, effects of these factors on the stability of the climatic system are studied. The current climatic system is found to be stable but highly nonlinear. The resiliency of stability increases with [CO2] to a summit when [CO2] reaches 290 μL/L which is comparable to the pre-industrial level, suggesting carbon dioxide is essential to the stability of the global climate. With [CO2] rising further, the global climate stability decreases, the mean ocean temperature goes up and the sea ice coverage shrinks in the polar region. When the incoming solar radiation is intensified, the ice coverage gradually diminishes, but the mean ocean temperature remains relatively constant. Overall, our analysis suggests that at the current levels of three external factors the stability of global climate is highly resilient. However, there exists a possibility of extreme states of climate, such as a snow-ball earth and an ice-free earth.     

浅谈素质教育

素质教育作为学校的一项重要的长期任务要求我们具有一支素质较高，能够激发学生学习动机的教师队伍。笔者就如何激发学生学习动机做出如下思考：①要加强对学生进行学习目的的教育；②及时反馈与恰当评价；③科学使用奖赏和处罚。     

一种基于力反馈的技能虚拟训练系统构建研究

为了解决当前市面上虚拟仿真训练系统在触/力觉方面显示能力不足的问题,以一站式、全方位、多维度优化为设计目标,设计并实现了融合力（触觉）反馈的技能仿真训练系统。该方案结合力反馈方法、眩晕缓解措施、效果评价体系,最大程度上实现了用户和产品之间的交互性。通过与相关企业和院校合作,设计并实现了一款篮球投篮仿真训练系统,该系统对投篮发力进行数字化反馈式训练,表明效果较佳,具有一定推广价值。     

试论负反馈控制理论在排球教学中的作用

排球教学手段和方法是多种多样的，目的是培养学生的基本技战术能力。本文运用负反馈控制的基本理论，探讨其在教学训练中的基本应用方法和对教师教学的要求，对不同水平的教学有一定参考价值。