"脑死亡"的价值与挑战

脑死亡是由当代科学和医学技术进步给我们带来的一个全新问题，也涉及到复杂的经济、社会、伦理和法律等问题。脑死亡的提出意味着对于生和死的判别由经验转向了科学；凸显了大脑和心脏在人的生命系统和自我认同中的不同地位。在相当长的时期内，对于大多数社会成员来说，脑死亡标准不一定意味着对于心死亡标准的截然取代。而是将与其并存。脑死亡的实施提出了抢救生命的价值、代价和极限问题，将对生命终结标准的选择权和宣判权提出挑战，也将对人们通常的“孝”和“敬”等观念提出挑战。脑死亡的一个重要价值是有利于器官移植，而让生命以此种方式得以延续值得提倡。因此应当以一种更加开放的和进步的心态来积极推进有关脑死亡的立法。     

Does gender matter in computer ethics?

Computer ethics is a relatively young discipline,hence it needs time both for reflection and forexploring alternative ethical standpoints in buildingup its own theoretical framework. Feminist ethics isoffered as one such alternative particularly to informissues of equality and power. We argue that feministethics is not narrowly confined to women's issues but is an approach with wider egalitarianapplications. The rise of feminist ethics in relationto feminist theory in general is described and withinthat the work of Gilligan and others on an ethic of care. We argue for the need to connect theory toempirical evidence. Empirical studies of gender andbusiness and computer ethics are reviewed. We noteconcerns with surveying a student audience, the issueof how far questionnaires and interviews can get tothe heart of ethical beliefs and problems ofperforming statistical analyses of quantitative data.Although we recognize them, our own small surveycannot avoid all these problems. Nevertheless byrefining our scenarios we are able to offer analternative reading of a hacking problem in terms ofan ethic of care thereby pointing a way forward forfuture research in computer ethics inspired byfeminist theory.     

Beyond Access: Psychosocial Barriers to Computer Literacy

Research consistently indicates that Latinos and African-Americans are less likely to own and use computers than either Caucasians or Asians. While conventional wisdom holds that high computer costs and lack of access are the primary reasons for this discrepancy, my ethnographic research with 100 low-income adults reveals three non-cost-related psychosocial obstacles that significantly undermine motivation for acquiring computer skills: “relevance,” “fear,” and “self-concept.” My research thus suggests that a more complex relationship exists between ethnicity, identity, and attitudes associated with computers than previously examined; this relationship may better explain why some people are choosing not to use computers at this time. My research also indicates that while community technology centers (CTCs) play an important role in helping adults overcome their resistances and achieve computer literacy, they are presently an underutilized resource—less than 5% of San Diegans use them to meet their computing needs. Hence, my research also questions why more residents do not avail themselves of these community resources. I conclude that efforts to increase computer literacy in underserved communities must go beyond physical access and connectivity and consider the role of cultural factors.     

心安国安 心治国治——把握时代心理脉搏 提升国家凝聚力

心安是国安也,心治是国治也。把握社会大变迁背景下中国人的心理变化特点,增强国家认同,打牢提升国家凝聚力的心理基础,对于维护国家团结与稳定以及促进社会持续、健康、和谐发展具有非常重要的作用。文章首先简要论述国家凝聚力及其核心成分国家认同的含义,以及国家认同在国家治理中的重要性;然后扼要介绍了几十年来中国经济发展和社会变迁带来的中国人的主要心理变化;最后,展望如何立足于中国人当下主要心理特点及其未来发展趋势,增强国家认同,提升国家凝聚力。     

Mathematical biography and key rhetoric

The intention of this article is to consider the use of narrative and rhetorical inquiry as research methods. I construct a mathematical biography of one elementary teacher trainee, Sirpa, who had performed well in her advanced mathematics course in upper secondary school. I describe her development as a mathematics teacher during teacher education from her second-year methods course and teaching practice to fourth-year teaching practice. Narrative inquiry is more than a case study: Sirpa’s mathematical biography is a story that describes how she constructs her mathematical identity. I also analysed the key rhetoric that Sirpa used in her talk, key rhetoric here referring to the strategy by which she constructed continuity and coherence.     

时代女性的叙事与性别——20世纪二三十年代文学中的新女性叙事

20世纪二三十年代时代女性称谓首先是由男性定义、命名和阐释的,他们利用女性的特质来宣泄个人和群体的自我苦闷、创造自我形象;她们以自己的真挚的生命感受所创造的大革命时代的新女性——时代女性,既是对男性大师所创造的时代女性的呼应、补充、扩写,又是潜在的改写、解构、颠覆。     

农村教师的身份认同状况及其思考

农村教师的身份经历了由政治身份向专业身份的演变。文化资本与超负荷的工作承载使农村教师的自我认同度和社会认同度不高,直接影响到教师职业文化的继承与传递。政府要采取措施,实施均权的身份政策,尤其要通过提升农村教师的社会地位来提升农村教师的身份认同感。     

自我的迷失与重构——《接骨师之女》的文化认同问题

谭恩美《接骨师之女》中的女儿露丝是第二代美籍华裔移民,处在中美文化夹缝中的她感受到被两种文化边缘化的痛苦,由此坠入迷茫与困惑深渊。直到认同中国文化后,露丝才走出文化身份缺失的困境,并完成了对自我的重构。作者借此表明华裔移民应该在中美两种文化间找到一种平衡,并利用其独特的文化身份为两种文化交流做出贡献。     

政治认同感与我国国民幸福感研究

我国的文明历史源远流长,中华民族的文化也从早期单一的宗族文化发展成为今天文化艺术上的“百花齐放”。在世界文化蓬勃发展的今天,不同文化不再以独立的形式存在而是更加紧密交织在一起。而认同感是在特定的条件下产生的特定的个体心理趋同,文章主要探究在新时期的文化交织的过程中,政治认同感对我国国民幸福感的影响。     

《小黑人桑宝》的后殖民解读

自后殖民主义思潮兴起以来,很多西方经典名著被重新解读。文章用后殖民主义批评的角度对童话故事《小黑人桑宝》进行分析,发现文本中潜藏的文化殖民思想,被改写的东方文化及在西方语言、文化渗透之下东方面临的文化身份认同危机。