赤楠叶醇提物抗菌活性及成分总黄酮的研究

对赤楠叶醇提物进行抗菌活性和总黄酮含量的测定与比较,结果表明:赤楠叶醇提物对黄曲霉、青霉、黑曲霉等霉菌无抗菌作用,对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌、普通变形杆菌、八叠球菌等细菌具有较强的抗菌活性,其抗菌作用强于同株的茎醇提物,与同属的轮叶蒲桃叶醇提物相当,但较强于蒲桃、乌墨、洋蒲桃等植物.11月份的赤楠叶总黄酮含量为3.32%,是叶醇提物中有效的抗菌成分.     

复相催化-乙醇氧化实验装置的改进

介绍了一种改进的复相催化实验装置。这种装置用于复相催化—乙醇氧化实验稳定性好、重复性高、操作简单、节省时间、节省试剂。适合在大学化学实验中应用。     

镁铝水滑石固载重铬酸钾液相活化氧气氧化醇

采用共沉淀法制得镁铝水滑石固载K2Cr2O7催化剂HT-Cr2O72-,将该催化剂在温和条件下,以分子氧为氧化剂用于催化醇的液相氧化反应,并以2-吡啶甲醇的氧化反应为模型探讨了温度、溶剂、催化剂量等条件对反应的影响。结果表明,使用苯、三氟甲苯等溶剂更有利于反应进行,2-吡啶甲醇转化率随着温度上升明显提高,该催化剂可以在温和条件下实现醇类化合物的高选择性氧化转化;和其他固体催化剂用于液相醇氧化相比,该催化剂具有更高的活性转化数(TON)。     

硫酸铁催化合成乙酸乙酯

在硫酸铁存在下，乙醇与冰醋酸发生酯化合成了高收率的乙酸乙酯．研究了硫酸铁、乙醇和冰醋酸用量对酯化反应收率的影响．乙酸、乙醇和硫酸铁的恰当摩尔比为1：2．5：0．025，回流反应1h，产品收率达42．6%。     

Growing up with parental alcohol abuse: exposure to childhood abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction

OBJECTIVE: This study is a detailed examination of the association between parental alcohol abuse (mother only, father only, or both parents) and multiple forms of childhood abuse, neglect, and other household dysfunction, known as adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). METHOD: A questionnaire about ACEs including child abuse, neglect, household dysfunction, and exposure to parental alcohol abuse was completed by 8629 adult HMO members to retrospectively assess the relationship of growing up with parental alcohol abuse to 10 ACEs and multiple ACEs (ACE score). RESULTS: Compared to persons who grew up with no parental alcohol abuse, the adjusted odds ratio for each category of ACE was approximately 2 to 13 times higher if either the mother, father, or both parents abused alcohol (p < 0.05). For example, the likelihood of having a battered mother was increased 13-fold for men who grew up with both parents who abused alcohol (OR, 12.7; 95% CI: 8.4-19.1). For almost every ACE, those who grew up with both an alcohol-abusing mother and father had the highest likelihood of ACEs. The mean number of ACEs for persons with no parental alcohol abuse, father only, mother only, or both parents was 1.4, 2.6, 3.2, and 3.8, respectively (p < .001). CONCLUSION: Although the retrospective reporting of these experiences cannot establish a causal association with certainty, exposure to parental alcohol abuse is highly associated with experiencing adverse childhood experiences. Improved coordination of adult and pediatric health care along with related social and substance abuse services may lead to earlier recognition, treatment, and prevention of both adult alcohol abuse and adverse childhood experiences, reducing the negative sequelae of ACEs in adolescents and adults.     

加盐萃取精馏法回收制药废液中乙醇

为了从制药工业得到的乙醇废液中回收无水乙醇,研究了不同浓度的醋酸钾、氯化钙、碳酸钾及醋酸钾-氯化钙混合盐与乙二醇组成的萃取体系对乙醇-水体系分离效果的影响,并考察了溶剂比以及萃取剂和乙醇流速等操作参数对乙醇-水体系精馏分离效果的影响,开发了乙醇废水精馏制备恒沸乙醇、加盐萃取精馏制备无水乙醇和萃取剂回收为一体的无水乙醇回收体系.结果表明:采用乙二醇-醋酸钾-氯化钙三元体系组成的萃取剂,当醋酸钾的浓度为0.025 g/mL,氯化钙的浓度为0.025 g/mL,溶剂比1.2,回流比1.5,乙二醇的流速1.0 mL/min,恒沸乙醇的流速1.2 mL/min时,可以从塔顶得到质量分数大于99.8%的无水乙醇.与文献[4]相比,回流比由2.0降低为1.5,从而大大降低了乙醇回收成本.     

乙醇-柴油发动机可调参数对动力性影响研究

乙醇柴油的不同配比、供油提前角、喷油压力、喷油泵柱塞直径及行程燃烧室的型式等参数的调整,对乙醇柴油混合燃料的柴油机动力性、经济性、排放指标等有重要的影响．参数调整后的乙醇柴油发动机经济性和排放指标皆优于纯柴油发动机,动力性略低于纯柴油发动机．     

血中乙醇浓度与交通肇事的相关分析

目的:探讨驾驶员醉酒与交通肇事的关系.方法:酒精定量检测仪、1:1硫酸、1%重铬酸钾、50ml/dl乙酸液、特制滤纸.结果:306例肇事人员中,血中乙醇浓度80～90mg/dl占64%,乙醇浓度100～110mg/dl占23%.结论:酒后驾车是引起交通肇事的主要原因,占交通肇事的97%.     

Reasons for Utilizing Mental Health Services as Predictors of College Students’ Alcohol Risk

The authors examined college student drinkers’ (n = 153) reasons for seeking counseling services and risk for alcohol problems. Students seeking help for impulse‐ or anger‐related issues and depression were at heightened risk for alcohol problems. Only 10% of students sought alcohol‐related help despite high rates of hazardous alcohol use (80%) and dependence (39%). Targeted screening and intervention in college counseling centers may enable providers to effectively identify and treat students in need of alcohol treatment.     

爱的如泣如诉——小说《琴声如诉》赏析

杜拉斯的短篇小说《琴声如诉》是女作家当时自身生活状态与心境遭遇的写照。小说探讨了爱情的面貌,指出爱情既具有诱惑力又具有毁灭性。通过安娜这一人物形象,作品表达了对于激烈火热的情感的向往,同时也阵痛于甜美、永恒爱情的死幻与不可得。小说以酒精、木兰花作为塑造人物性格、推动情节发展、营造烘托气氛的道具,体现出杜拉斯沉郁、缓长、忧伤的文学风格。整篇小说以及小说里展现着的爱情,仿佛一首如泣如诉的行板,带给读者独特的阅读体验。