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41.
列宁在国内战争胜利后,自觉地把握住了经济文化落后国家如何建设社会主义这一根本问题,努力实现了党的思维方式的伟大转变,对新经济政策问题进行了可贵的实践探索和理论探索。但由于客观历史条件的限制,他只是提出了问题,尚未完全解决问题,历史要求其后继者沿着其思路走下去。斯大林在国内战争胜利后,却未能自觉适应党所解决问题的变化,仍以处理革命问题的思维方式来处理社会主义建设问题,使其得出的理论与新经济政策的实践形成了巨大的反差,于是便终结了它。这启示我们在社会主义建设过程中,必须把握好实践、理论与其思维方式的内在关联,自觉做到实践创新和理论创新的统一。 相似文献
42.
模糊规则的表示方法研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在已有的各种推理方法中,所使用的产生式规则表示形式都不统一,其中含有的信息量也不一样,有的少,有的多,各有侧重点,但都不全面,因而不能把它们作为模糊知识的统一表示形式.其根本的原因就是推理模型本身不完备.本文描述的通用模糊规则,是建立在通用不确定模型和模糊集合理论的基础之上的知识统一表示形式,也是通用模糊推理算法的基础.这种方法采用可能性分布理论来表示知识的模糊性,对一般规则表示进行全面的模糊化,全面考虑了知识的模糊性.它含有推理所需的丰富信息,能用于表达各种情况的模糊性,有着广泛的适用性.已有的规则形式,如确定性知识的规则表示等,只是这种通用形式在忽略部分模糊性情况下的特例.这种表示方法在飞机总体外形设计模糊专家系统(ACDS-FES)中得到了很好的运用. 相似文献
43.
INTRODUCTIONThecenteringofaparticlewhichsettlesatsmallReynoldsnumbershadbeenstudiedbyseveralresearchers.ChristophersonandDowson(1959)foundthattheoretically,whentheeffectofinertiaisnegligible ,aballachieveseccentricequilibriuninaverticaltubehavingadiameteronlyslightlyexceedingthediameteroftheball.Theyverifiedtheiranalysiswithexperiments.VaseurandCox (1977)didexperimentsonthesedimentationofasmallsphereinaverticalductofarectangularcross section .Theyobservedthatthespherealwaysmigratedtothec… 相似文献
44.
杨贤美 《涪陵师范学院学报》2007,23(4):58-61
九十年代的报告文学创作表现出重归理性的写作风格,由衷地歌颂社会进步和英雄人物,理性地剖析批判社会问题,沉静深入地挖掘历史是其发展的三大特点。在社会全面转型的九十年代,报告文学创作的价值是不应被轻易否定的。 相似文献
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ABSTRACTAs educational interventions that integrate death issues in the school curriculum are rarely designed, implemented and evaluated, our action research (AR) project aimed at investigating the complexities of integrating the concepts of loss and grief in the primary school curriculum of Cyprus. The purpose of this paper is to identify and analyze convergences and divergences between AR and lesson study (LS), as they emerged in our project. We particularly focus on the ways that AR served to legitimate ethically and politically those aspects of the project that constituted the experimentation of lesson plans on loss and grief. The AR and LS elements of our project functioned differently and served different purposes, and we speculate that this is not irrelevant to the controversial aspects of the lesson plans’ topic, namely loss and grief. The paper argues that it may be strategically important, for ethical and political reasons, to both demarcate and associate AR and LS, navigating between them, particularly if a controversial issue is involved. 相似文献
47.
Education researchers, policymakers, and practitioners are concerned with identifying and developing talent for students with fewer opportunities, especially students from historically marginalized groups. An emerging body of research suggests “universally screening” or testing all students, then matching those students with appropriate educational challenges, is effective in helping marginalized students. However, most tests have focused on two areas: math and verbal reasoning. We leverage three nationally representative samples of the U.S. population at different time points that include both novel cognitive measures (e.g., spatial, mechanical, and abstract reasoning) and non-cognitive measures (e.g., conscientiousness, creativity or word fluency, leadership skill, and artistic skill) to uncover which measures would improve proportional representation of marginalized groups in talent identification procedures. We find that adding spatial reasoning measures in particular—as well as other non-cognitive measures such as conscientiousness, leadership, and creativity—are worthwhile to consider for universal screening procedures for students to narrow achievement gaps at every level of education, including for gifted students. By showing that these nontraditional measures both improve proportional representation of underrepresented groups and have reasonable predictive validity, we also broaden the definition of what it means to be “gifted” and expand opportunities for students from historically marginalized groups. 相似文献
48.
Sashi Sharma Jenny Young-Loveridge Merilyn Taylor Ngärewa Häwera 《Asia Pacific Journal of Education》2011,31(4):503-519
This paper focuses on the perspectives of Years 7 and 8 Pasifika students on mathematics learning, in particular their views about the communication of solution strategies with others (their peers), and their teacher. Pasifika students' ideas about the importance of communicating their mathematical reasoning and strategies to peers and teachers were analysed and themes identified. While most students were in agreement about the importance of explaining their thinking to others, there was considerable variation in the reasons they gave for their views. The findings are interpreted in relation to socio-cultural theory and recent writing about requirements for citizenship in the twenty-first century. 相似文献
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Mustafa Sami Topcu 《欧洲师范教育杂志》2011,34(1):99-125
The purpose of the present study was to explore the relationships among Turkish elementary student teachers’ epistemological beliefs and moral reasoning, and to determine which types of epistemological beliefs elementary student teachers exhibit. The findings of the present study demonstrated that epistemological beliefs did not make a unique contribution to moral reasoning and student teachers’ epistemological beliefs developed as more or less independent beliefs. The factor analyses results suggest that multidimensional theory is more appropriate than unidimensional theory in explaining student teachers’ epistemological beliefs. 相似文献