Fictitious Academic Expertise and Processing Resources

A previous study showed that pairs of students interacting in a second language produced more words when they were assigned a fictitious expert position in a specific competence dimension than when they were assigned a nonexpert position. It has also been shown that the usual level of expertise has an impact on the assigned fictitious expertise effect. The present study was designed to determine whether the processing capacity allotted to the current task could partly determine performance. A given position of expertise may demand a large or small attentional capacity. Two experiments were conducted using a dual-task paradigm. As expected, the different expertise positions led to different reaction times on the secondary task. The second experiment showed that the impact of assigning a position of expertise to students depends on their usual academic standing. This study supports the idea that in interactive situations, performance variations as a function of the expertise position can be partially explained by differences in the processing resources allocated to the task. Implications for teaching are discussed.     

'The Writers' Zone': A Study of the Impact of Targeting Verbal Reasoning on Student Performance and Behaviour

‘The Writers' Zone’ project took place in an 11–18 mixed comprehensive in south‐east Essex. It involved 16 Year 7 boys identified as having a high level of performance in non‐verbal reasoning but low levels of performance in verbal reasoning. They were isolated from normal lessons for a fortnight to follow an alternative curriculum focusing specifically on writing. This article details the structure of the project and evaluates its success in accessing writing potential.     

自然体育视域下健康生活方式的研究

为了解自然体育是如何成为人们的一种健康生活方式。该文采用文献资料法和逻辑推理法对不健康的生活方式进行了分析,得出健康的隐患包括环境恶化、营养过剩、运动量不合理3个方面,表明生活方式与健康的关系十分密切。分析了“自然体育”对人们健康生活方式的作用和价值,认为自然体育运动正在成为人们的一种健康的生活方式。     

中医方剂领域本体建模和语义推理实现

针对目前中医领域知识共享的现状,结合对中医方剂领域知识特点的分析,采用骨架法构建基于OWL语言的方剂本体模型。并以中医诊断和开方为应用场景,提出基于SWRL规则结合Jess推理引擎的方法,尝试中医领域本体的语义推理。     

从信息效应的视野审视数学推理教学

从信息效应的视野审视数学推理模式。数学推理并非完全按照演绎方式进行,而是一种由“上位信息”得出“下位信息”的过程,这个过程的产生往往是由“上位信息”中的某个“信息碎片”激活了认知结构中的某个信息加工模块而得出“下位信息”的。若把传统的数学演绎推理视作“依概率为1”的信息加工模式,在日常数学教学活动中则需要更多关注“依概率不为1或不确定概率”的信息加工方式。信息效应观将有助于拓广数学推理教学研究的视野。     

Ethical and political dimensions of action research and lesson study: reflections from a research project on a controversial issue in Cyprus

ABSTRACT

As educational interventions that integrate death issues in the school curriculum are rarely designed, implemented and evaluated, our action research (AR) project aimed at investigating the complexities of integrating the concepts of loss and grief in the primary school curriculum of Cyprus. The purpose of this paper is to identify and analyze convergences and divergences between AR and lesson study (LS), as they emerged in our project. We particularly focus on the ways that AR served to legitimate ethically and politically those aspects of the project that constituted the experimentation of lesson plans on loss and grief. The AR and LS elements of our project functioned differently and served different purposes, and we speculate that this is not irrelevant to the controversial aspects of the lesson plans’ topic, namely loss and grief. The paper argues that it may be strategically important, for ethical and political reasons, to both demarcate and associate AR and LS, navigating between them, particularly if a controversial issue is involved.     

Bayesian reasoning in avalanche terrain: a theoretical investigation

In this article, I explore a Bayesian approach to avalanche decision-making. I motivate this perspective by highlighting a version of the base-rate fallacy and show that a similar pattern applies to decision-making in avalanche-terrain. I then draw out three theoretical lessons from adopting a Bayesian approach and discuss these lessons critically. Lastly, I highlight a number of challenges for avalanche educators when incorporating the Bayesian perspective in their curriculum.     

Diagnosing Teachers’ Understandings of Rational Numbers: Building a Multidimensional Test Within the Diagnostic Classification Framework

We report a multidimensional test that examines middle grades teachers’ understanding of fraction arithmetic, especially multiplication and division. The test is based on four attributes identified through an analysis of the extensive mathematics education research literature on teachers’ and students’ reasoning in this content area. We administered the test to a national sample of 990 in‐service middle grades teachers and analyzed the item responses using the log‐linear cognitive diagnosis model. We report the diagnostic quality of the test at the item level, mastery classifications for teachers, and attribute relationships. Our results demonstrate that, when a test is grounded in research on cognition and is designed to be multidimensional from the onset, it is possible to use diagnostic classification models to detect distinct patterns of attribute mastery.     

基于BAN逻辑分析Otway-Rees协议

Otway-Rees协议主要功能是完成身份的双向认证,本文探讨了形式化分析在设计密码认证协议中的作用C基于Otway-Rees协议,用BAN逻辑对它进行形式分析,指出形式分析可以辅助发现协议的设计缺陷。     

新安理学盛衰始终的内因探微

新安理学的盛衰始终,除了不断变化着的社会历史条件等外部原因外,还有着深刻的内在原因,主要表现为新安理学初始即具有的对朱子学尤其是朱熹本人的尊崇以致于迷信。这一内在原因,深刻地引导、规定和制约着新安理学的存在和发展。同样身为新安学者的戴震,以“志存闻道”为治学旨归,并通过考据学方法,揭示了程朱理学援引老庄、释氏诠释儒学经典的实质,以及因此对儒家思想所造成的巨大危害,从而在根本上颠覆了程朱理学接续孔孟道统的传统观念,消解了新安理学得以成立的思想理论依据,新安理学因此而告终结。