我国男子田径运动发展态势研究

近代体育运动的发展表明,田径运动是其它一切运动项目的基础,它不仅需要其它项目所要求的身体素质,还直接决定着体育的整体发展水平。随着世界竞技体育运动的不断发展,田径运动越来越被世界各国所重视,这是因为田径运动水平的高低不仅是衡量一个国家体育运动水平高低和民族体质强弱的重要标志,同时也反映了一个国家竞技体育的整体水平。故有“得田径者得天下”和“田径强国就是体育强国”的论断。本文在查阅大量相关资料和文献的基础上。运用文献资料法、数理统计法和比较分析法,对1980--2004年我国男子田径项目各单项每年的最好成绩进行统计、研究和分析,以期了解1980年以来中国男子田径运动各单项的发展态势以及与世界先进水平的差距,为有关体育部门制定相关政策、法规提供依据。     

江苏省高职、专科学生和本科学生体质健康现状的比较研究

根据江苏省4所大专院校1 435名高职、专科学生体质健康测试数据和6所普通高校3 924名本科生的测试数据进行比较研究。发现高职、专科学生的身体形态发育水平与本科生接近,而身体机能和素质水平显著差于本科生,其体质健康总体水平在很大程度上差于本科生,其中女生的差距更大.建议有关部门和学校应该高度关注和研究形成这种现状的根本原因及解决问题的对策。     

中小学体育现状和高校体育教育专业田径课程改革

采用访谈法和文献综述法,研究我国中小学体育现状和高校体育教育专业田径课的改革情况。认为基础教育体育的现状制约着体育教育专业田径课改革的方向,后者的实施须结合中小学体育实际情况,坚持从实际出发的思想;反过来,高校体育教育专业田径课改革也直接影响中小学体育(与健康)课的开展。并提出对新一代体育教师的要求,联系高校体育教育专业田径课的改革,具体分析改革的力度和方向。     

黑龙江省田径运动现状与发展对策研究

通过对黑龙江省田径运动员在全国第十届运动会赛前备战及赛后的成绩情况和部分体校的调研资料进行分析,找出制约黑龙江省田径运动可持续发展的主要影响因素,并进而提出发展对策,旨在为黑龙江省田径运动持续、健康地发展及为黑龙江省田径科研工作提供参考。     

Lower limb joint kinetics during the first stance phase in athletics sprinting: three elite athlete case studies

Abstract

This study analysed the first stance phase joint kinetics of three elite sprinters to improve the understanding of technique and investigate how individual differences in technique could influence the resulting levels of performance. Force (1000 Hz) and video (200 Hz) data were collected and resultant moments, power and work at the stance leg metatarsal-phalangeal (MTP), ankle, knee and hip joints were calculated. The MTP and ankle joints both exhibited resultant plantarflexor moments throughout stance. Whilst the ankle joint generated up to four times more energy than it absorbed, the MTP joint was primarily an energy absorber. Knee extensor resultant moments and power were produced throughout the majority of stance, and the best-performing sprinter generated double and four times the amount of knee joint energy compared to the other two sprinters. The hip joint extended throughout stance. Positive hip extensor energy was generated during early stance before energy was absorbed at the hip as the resultant moment became flexor-dominant towards toe-off. The generation of energy at the ankle appears to be of greater importance than in later phases of a sprint, whilst knee joint energy generation may be vital for early acceleration and is potentially facilitated by favourable kinematics at touchdown.     

The Application of a Multiple Measurement Approach to Investigate the Effects of a Dance Program on Educable Mentally Retarded Adolescents

Abstract

Little evidence exists to assess the effects of dance training on special populations. Research in this field has relied on pretest-posttest methods for gathering data. While such data gathering methods may be appropriate for particular research problems, alone they may be inadequate for broad-based, exploratory investigations of programs and effects. The present study is an example of a multiple measurement approach that uses eight measurements, in combination, to answer four research questions regarding the physical and social effects that occur when a group of educable mentally retarded adolescents is exposed to a 10-week dance program. The findings revealed that four students showed improvement in both social and physical behaviors, seven students showed improvement in either social or physical behaviors, and two students showed no improvement. There was no evidence of a “transfer effect” due to participation in the program, and some students' behaviors were affected by external factors. The authors found the approach useful for identifying multiple effects and generating hypotheses for further study.     

中国大学生排球联赛的市场调研和建议

通过对中国大学生排球联赛(CUVA)这个新产品的市场营销开展研究,对CUVA的市场进程提出建议:要建立专门的管理机构和市场开发部门;培养大学后备人才市场体系;建立市场秩序和市场规划;提高竞技水平,培养大学生体育明星;开办真正市场化意义的高校排球俱乐部;重视高校排球信息市场的开发和利用;注意比赛与校园文化的融合等。     

群众性羽毛球运动在南宁市区盛行的调查研究

通过对南宁市区群众性羽毛球运动状况的调查,找到影响和制约群众性羽毛球运动发展的主要因素,解释南宁市区群众性羽毛球运动盛行的原因,提出发展南宁市群众性体育运动的建议。     

2012年中国龙舟大赛比赛成绩调查研究

对2012年中国龙舟大赛8次不同地点比赛的成绩进行了调查研究。研究认为,中国群众龙舟整体水平不高、各地龙舟竞技水平参差不齐、男女项目发展不平衡、男子项目最好成绩达到世界优秀水平,对发展我国龙舟运动及提高竞技水平提出了建议。     

优秀田径运动员心率变异性分析

目的:分析优秀田径运动员心率变异性(HRV)特征,为HRV在运动员选材、机能评定等应用提供理论依据。方法:选取江苏省专业运动队优秀田径运动员和普通健康人各25名进行连续5min心电图时域和频域记录获得HRV指标,以普通健康人为对照分析优秀田径运动员HRV特征。结果:(1)女运动员VLF低于男运动员(P<0.05),其余指标无性别差异。(2)优秀田径运动员SDNN、RMSSD、PNN50、TP、HF、VLF均高于普通健康人(P<0.05或P<0.01);LF、LF/HF二者无差异(P>0.05)。结论:(1)优秀田径运动员自主神经活性和迷走神经的紧张性没有性别差异,安静时男性运动员拥有较高的交感神经张力。(2)优秀田径运动员安静时比普通健康人拥有更强的心脏自主神经活性、更高的迷走神经紧张性和交感神经兴奋性,迷走和交感神经均衡性无差异。