融资约束降低了中国研发企业的生存概率吗?

对应2000-2006年中国工业企业与中国海关进出口数据库,选取Kaplan-Meier生存与危险函数、Cox生存分析模型验证融资约束影响研发企业生存概率假说:中国研发企业通过缓解内源、外源融资约束,有助于提升自身生存概率。Weibull模型稳健性检验结果显示:(1)不同规模企业均能通过缓解内源融资约束提高生存概率,但只有大中规模企业能够通过增强外源融资能力延长生存寿命;(2)融资能力对研发企业生存概率的正向影响效应存在于金融发展水平较高地区,但这一效应并不显著存在于金融发展水平较低地区。因此,融资能力越强的中国研发企业生存概率越高,本文结论为延长中国研发企业生存寿命提供了新的启示。     

企业家专业背景与研发投入及其绩效研究——来自中国高新技术上市公司的经验证据

基于高阶理论以中国2007至2010年间高新技术企业为研究样本,从受教育的专业背景角度出发,验证了中国企业家的技术专业背景对研发投入以及投入绩效的影响。研究发现:技术背景的企业家相比与其它背景企业家有更多的研发投入,并且这种促进作用在企业面临融资约束时更为显著,企业家技术背景对研发投入的这种促进更有利于提高企业未来的绩效。本文的研究为高新技术企业管理层的任命决策以及研发效益的长远考虑有着重要的启示意义。     

河南省新型城镇化时空格局演变及驱动因素

采用改进的熵权TOPSIS法对2006-2012年河南省各地市的城镇化水平进行测度,并借助GIS技术对城镇化的时空演变格局、内在驱动因素及内部协调性进行分析,研究发现：2006-2012年河南省各地市城镇化水平显著提升,整个城镇化进程是一个人口、空间主导经济发展的过程.城镇化类型以人口导向型城镇化为主,但经济的驱动作用越来越强.生态城镇化存在进一步恶化趋势,在今后发展中应注重对生态环境的保护.     

Comparison of digoxin concentration in plastic serum tubes with clot activator and heparinized plasma tubes

Introduction:

Sample type recommended by the manufacturer for the digoxin Abbott assay is either serum collected in glass tubes or plasma (sodium heparin, lithium heparin, citrate, EDTA or oxalate as anticoagulant) collected in plastic tubes. In our hospital samples are collected in plastic tubes. Our hypothesis was that the serum sample collected in plastic serum tube can be used interchangeably with plasma sample for measurement of digoxin concentration. Our aim was verification of plastic serum tubes for determination of digoxin concentration.

Materials and methods:

Concentration of digoxin was determined simultaneously in 26 venous blood plasma (plastic Vacuette, LH Lithium heparin) and serum (plastic Vacuette, Z Serum Clot activator; both Greiner Bio-One GmbH, Kremsmünster, Austria) samples, on Abbott AxSYM analyzer using the original Abbott Digoxin III assay (Abbott, Wiesbaden, Germany). Tube comparability was assessed using the Passing Bablok regression and Bland-Altman plot.

Results:

Serum and plasma digoxin concentrations are comparable. Passing Bablok intercept (0.08 [95% CI = −0.10 to 0.20]) and slope (0.99 [95% CI = 0.92 to 1.11]) showed there is no constant or proportional error.

Conclusion:

Blood samples drawn in plastic serum tubes and plastic plasma tubes can be interchangeably used for determination of digoxin concentration.     

How to conduct External Quality Assessment Schemes for the pre-analytical phase?

In laboratory medicine, several studies have described the most frequent errors in the different phases of the total testing process, and a large proportion of these errors occur in the pre-analytical phase. Schemes for registration of errors and subsequent feedback to the participants have been conducted for decades concerning the analytical phase by External Quality Assessment (EQA) organizations operating in most countries. The aim of the paper is to present an overview of different types of EQA schemes for the pre-analytical phase, and give examples of some existing schemes. So far, very few EQA organizations have focused on the pre-analytical phase, and most EQA organizations do not offer pre-analytical EQA schemes (EQAS). It is more difficult to perform and standardize pre-analytical EQAS and also, accreditation bodies do not ask the laboratories for results from such schemes. However, some ongoing EQA programs for the pre-analytical phase do exist, and some examples are given in this paper. The methods used can be divided into three different types; collecting information about pre-analytical laboratory procedures, circulating real samples to collect information about interferences that might affect the measurement procedure, or register actual laboratory errors and relate these to quality indicators. These three types have different focus and different challenges regarding implementation, and a combination of the three is probably necessary to be able to detect and monitor the wide range of errors occurring in the pre-analytical phase.     

Harmonization of pre-analytical quality indicators

Quality indicators (QIs) measure the extent to which set targets are attained and provide a quantitative basis for achieving improvement in care and, in particular, laboratory services. A body of evidence collected in recent years has demonstrated that most errors fall outside the analytical phase, while the pre- and post-analytical steps have been found to be more vulnerable to the risk of error. However, the current lack of attention to extra-laboratory factors and related QIs prevent clinical laboratories from effectively improving total quality and reducing errors. Errors in the pre-analytical phase, which account for 50% to 75% of all laboratory errors, have long been included in the ‘identification and sample problems’ category. However, according to the International Standard for medical laboratory accreditation and a patient-centered view, some additional QIs are needed. In particular, there is a need to measure the appropriateness of all test request and request forms, as well as the quality of sample transportation. The QIs model developed by a working group of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) is a valuable starting point for promoting the harmonization of available QIs, but further efforts should be made to achieve a consensus on the road map for harmonization.     

从身份认同到规制、规范：我国民间体育组织评估政策变迁

民间体育组织评估经历了从身份认同到规制再到规范治理这三个阶段。从新制度主义与公共政策研究结合的逻辑起点出发,用新制度主义理论分析民间体育组织评估政策变迁的适切性。研究得出：当前民间体育组织评估存在氛围尚未形成、评估主体有待培育、评估能力需要提升、评估结果未能有效利用等问题。提出要以完善民间体育组织规范发展的法律环境为基础,加大对民间体育组织评估工作的政策支持;创新民间体育组织评估工作机制,有效发挥登记、年检、培育、评估、执法的叠加效应;积极探索和完善民间体育组织第三方评估机制的建议。     

基于层次分析法构建的训练课质量评价指标体系

训练课是构成运动训练过程的最小单元,训练课质量的优劣直接影响运动训练过程目标的整体实现。文章以AHP层次分析法构建了训练课质量评价指标体系,建立了以训练效果、训练过程、训练负荷、课前准备、训练态度为主体的五大一级指标,并涵盖17项二级指标,系统确定了各级指标的权重。经过一致性检验,证明建立的训练课质量评价指标体系具有较高的主体信度和内部一致性。     

竞技体育发展方式基本理论问题探析

摘要：转变发展方式是我国“十二五”期间体育事业发展的主线,对竞技体育发展方式基本理论问题的研究至关重要。为深化对于竞技体育发展方式转变的理论认识,运用文献资料法,在认识竞技体育发展方式概念、分类和评价的基础上,提出了竞技体育发展方式转变的目标、要求和支撑条件。研究认为：1）竞技体育发展方式转变的目标为集约、均衡、和谐、常规化的发展等。2）要求为科学认识转向、转幅、转速问题,合理处理旧发展方式与新发展方式的关系,正确处理转变的短期效应与长期效应的关系。3）竞技体育发展方式转变的支撑条件为人才资源、科技和管理创新、变革的共识性认识等。为竞技体育发展方式的转变研究提供学理上的支撑。     

苏南抗日根据地减租减息和财政体系研究

苏南抗日根据地的经济工作,以减租减息为工作中心,追求财政工作的正规化建设方向。减租工作作为苏南区经济工作的重点,对敌后抗战的动员发挥着重要作用。苏南区税收不仅初步实现正规化,而且逐步体现出科学化的行政方向。