Relationship between abdominal adiposity,cardiovascular fitness,and biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in British adolescents

BackgroundPuberty is a critical time in the development of overweight and obesity. The aim of this study was to examine relationships between measures of adiposity, cardiovascular fitness, and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk in adolescents.MethodsIn a cross-sectional study design, 129 girls and 95 boys aged 12.9–14.4 years at various stages of puberty were included, along with their mothers (n = 217) and fathers (n = 207). Anthropometric assessments of adiposity were made, along with cardiovascular physical fitness, using the 20-m shuttle run test, and biomarkers associated with cardiovascular risk, including glucose, insulin, triglyceride, fibrinogen, and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations.ResultsWaist-to-height ratio values were similar in boys and girls and correlated positively with diastolic blood pressure, insulin, triglyceride, fibrinogen, and CRP concentrations, and inversely with cardiovascular fitness scores. Skinfold thickness measurements were higher in girls. High-molecular-weight adiponectin concentrations were lower in boys than girls, particularly in late puberty, and CRP levels were higher. Cardiovascular fitness, maternal body mass index (BMI), and paternal BMI contributed independently to the variance in waist measurements in girls and boys. Gender, triceps skinfold thickness, and weight-to-height ratio, but not parental BMI, contributed independently to the variance in cardiovascular fitness.ConclusionThere is a relationship between measures of adolescent adiposity and parental weight that involves factors other than cardiovascular fitness. Adolescent boys have relatively more abdominal fat than girls and a tendency to have a proinflammatory profile of biomarkers. These observations suggest that family and social environmental interventions are best undertaken earlier in childhood, particularly among boys.     

培养大学生终身健身的对策研究

探讨大学生体质状况的健身意识和行为的影响因素,培养终身健身的体育意识,促进身心健康,营造良好的体育氛围。本文通过调查法文献资料调研,了解大学生健身意识与行为的现状,找出不足,针对问题进行分析与对策研究。调查结果表明,大学生的健康意识基础薄弱,大多数学生身体锻炼不够重视,特别是身体素质较差的学生,参与度不够高,不能积极参加体育锻炼,对这些情况,应加强对学生体育锻炼的监督,树立"终身体育"的指导思想,把对身体健康的认识和行为落实到实际的生活中去。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间在线健身服务用户持续使用意愿的影响因素研究

新冠肺炎疫情期间,在线健身服务作为“智慧抗疫”的重要组成部分受到了业界和学界的广泛关注。为了进一步探究在线健身服务持续使用意愿的影响因素,该文对技术接受模型(TAM)和任务—技术匹配模型(TTF)进行了整合,通过网络调查和数理统计等研究方法对用户持续使用在线健身服务的影响因素进行了实证分析。结果表明:(1)影响用户持续使用意愿的内外部因素主要包括感知有用性、感知易用性、感知趣味性、任务特征、技术特征和任务—技术匹配度6项;(2)感知有用性、感知易用性、感知趣味性以及任务—技术匹配度对用户持续使用意愿均有显著正向影响;(3)任务特征和技术特征显著正向影响任务—技术匹配度,感知易用性则显著正向影响感知有用性,而感知易用性则不显著正向影响感知趣味性。基于以上分析提出了增加用户持续使用意愿的相关建议。     

困境与应对:聚焦新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情对体育事业的影响

2019-2020年之交,我国暴发新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情(下文简称“新冠肺炎疫情”)。新冠肺炎疫情给国家各项事业的正常运行带来了严峻挑战,为打赢这场新冠肺炎疫情攻坚战,全国科技工作者纷纷从各自不同的领域为疫情防控贡献着自己的力量。体育事业作为国民事业的重要组成部分,如何积极应对新冠肺炎疫情给各项体育事业带来的冲击,深刻思考新冠肺炎疫情背景下各项体育事业的发展路径,是体育事业健康发展的必然诉求,也是体育科技工作的应然使命。学者当以天下苍生为己任,为国家出谋,为社会担当,为人民谋福。体育学术期刊亦须做好学术担当,肩负起应有的使命与责任,传播体育科技工作者针对此次疫情所开展的社会服务和智慧贡献,探究体育事业逆疫发展之道。为此,《体育学研究》编辑部从开展征稿活动的50余篇来稿中,聚焦群众体育、竞技体育和体育产业等领域,对钟秉枢、黄志剑、王凯、车冰清、宋昱等体育专家及青年学者的观点和思考进行集成,形成了《困境与应对:聚焦新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情对体育事业的影响》一文。以期为疫情的科学防控和推动体育事业健康发展提供理论和实践参考。     

中国天空跑赛事发展战略研究

运用文献资料法和逻辑分析法,对天空跑赛事的发展现状、运动特点进行分析,并在此基础上研究中国天空跑的发展问题。中国天空跑赛事是一项依托体育强国战略,融自然风光与人文景观于一体、兼顾竞技体育与全民健身协调发展、充分利用和深度融合互联网技术的新兴运动项目。目前还存在宣传推广不足、品牌与文化建设欠缺、融资手段与商业配套落后等问题。认为,应该坚持区域间协同发展,加强全媒体平台建设;打造品牌赛事,提升服务意识与治理理念;充分利用政府与资本合作模式,挖掘附属产业价值。旨在促进中国特色天空跑赛事高质量发展。     

Aerobic fitness and physical activity are inversely associated with body fat,dyslipidemia and inflammatory mediators in children and adolescents living with HIV

This study aimed to investigate if moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and aerobic fitness are associated with cardiovascular risk factors in HIV+ children and adolescents. Sixty-five children and adolescents (8 to 15 years) provided minutes of MVPA measured by accelerometers and peak oxygen uptake (peak VO₂) by breath-by-breath respiratory exchange. Cardiovascular risk factors were characterized by body fat, blood pressure, total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and carotid intima-media thickness. Results indicated that higher MVPA was associated with lower values of total (β = ?3.566) and trunk body fat (β = ?3.495), total cholesterol (β = ?0.112) and LDL-c (β = ?0.830). Likewise, higher peak VO₂ was associated with lower total (β = ?0.629) and trunk body fat values (β = ?0.592) and levels of CRP (β = ?0.059). The physically active participants had lower total cholesterol (?24.4 mg.dL^?1) and LDL-c (?20.1 mg.dL^?1) compared to participants judged to be insufficiently active. Moreover, participants with satisfactory peak VO? showed lower total (?4.1%) and trunk (?4.3%) body fat, CRP (?2.3 mg.L^?1), IL-6 (?2.4 pg.mL^?1) and TNF-α (?1.0 pg.mL^?1) compared to low peak VO₂ peers. High levels of MVPA and aerobic fitness may prevent developing of cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents HIV+.     

Effects of Different Chair-Based Exercises on Salivary Biomarkers and Functional Autonomy in Institutionalized Older Women

Purpose: The aim of this study was to test the effects of chair-based exercise programs on salivary stress hormones, physical fitness, and functional autonomy of institutionalized older women. Method: In total, 47 participants (80 ± 8.04 years old) were recruited and allocated into three groups: chair-based aerobic exercises (CAE, n = 19), chair-based elastic-band strength exercises (CSE, n = 15), and a control group (CG, n = 13). A 14-week exercise intervention was done for the CAE and CSE groups, two times per week, in no consecutive days. Members of the CG did not participate in any type of exercise but kept their regular lifestyle. Fear of falling, autonomy, physical fitness, salivary cortisol, and alpha-amylase levels were assessed before and after the intervention. Results: The CAE group improved upper and lower body strength, agility–dynamic balance, and autonomy, with fear of falling decreasing significantly (p < .05, moderate effect size). Both exercise groups showed a trend toward an increase in salivary alpha-amylase levels (CAE = 43%, d = .31, and CSE = 44%, d = .41). Conclusion: Both exercise programs were able to improve functional autonomy, even in elders older than 80 years of age. It might be interesting to investigate the effectiveness of combining both aerobic and strength exercises in a unique protocol. The modulation effect of exercise in the hormonal responses needs to be further explored.     

大学生体质测试后续服务问题分析与管理模式构建*

近20年来,我国学生体质健康水平逐年下降。面对如此严峻的形势,国家出台了包括《国家学生体质健康标准》等一系列标准,很多高校在对学生进行体质健康测试中,对测试的数据进行简单整理和统计就上报了,很少针对体质健康测试的后续展开服务管理工作,并且也尚未给予学生恰当的反馈信息和必要的健康指导意见。由此,强化体质测试后续健康管理相关问题的研究的重要性可见一斑。选取广州市高校为研究对象,就各高校学生体质健康测试的后续服务管理状况加以调查,并对学生体质健康测试的管理方式和运行模式等进行研究分析,探讨出各大高校大学生体质测试后续服务存在的问题,并建立起相应的管理模式,旨在促进学生加强身体锻炼,加强对自己健康管理的认知。     

全民健身品牌赛事长效化发展的志愿服务体系研究*

全民健身运动是群众性的社会体育活动,是我国体育事业的重要组成部分,也是提高全民身体和心理素质的重要举措和途径。全民健身运动需要志愿服务的友爱、互助与支持,只有通过志愿服务者的无私奉献才能促进我国全民健身运动及有关赛事的长效发展,以打造出具有带动性和号召力的品牌赛事。由于我国的民众体育活动开展较晚,相应的志愿服务文化与价值观尚未形成,有关志愿服务的制度机制与组织体系并不完善。这就要求必须提高全民健身志愿服务的意识,完善有关制度机制与体系模式使我国全民健身志愿服务体系得到完善,使之走上长效化发展之路。     

女性私人健身教练从业限制因素模型构建与分析

运用文献资料法、调查法和逻辑分析法,对女性私人健身教练从业限制因素进行研究。利用访谈和问卷调查获得的数据,构建了女性私教从业限制因素的结构模型,并采用验证性因素分析对模型进行检验。结果显示：限制女性私教从业的因素主要包括个人限制因素、人际限制因素和企业限制因素,构建的三因素结构模型各项指标拟合度良好,结构稳定,可以为促进女性私人健身教练从业提供参考。进而从三个因素的角度,提出促进女性私教从业的建议,包括女性私教合理规划个人职业生涯,坚定从业信念;家人、同伴转变观念,提升女性私教的社会支持;健身企业切实履行对员工的社会责任,增强女性私教的工作满意度和企业认同感。