Sex differences in elbow and wrist joint loading during the cartwheel and round off with different hand positions performed by young gymnasts

The aim of the study was to determine if sex differences exist in the key elbow and wrist joint injury risk factors during different cartwheel (CW) and round-off (RO) techniques performed by young male and female artistic gymnasts. Sixteen active young gymnasts (8 males and 8 females) performed 30 successful trials of CW and RO with three different hand positions (parallel (10), T-shape (10) and reverse (10)). Synchronised kinematic and kinetic data were collected for each trial. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA (3 × 2, technique × sex) and effect-sizes (ES) were used for statistical analysis. In conclusion, female gymnasts exhibited greater normalised peak vertical ground reaction forces (VGRF), elbow and wrist compression forces and elbow internal adduction moments during CW and RO skills compared with male gymnasts. In both sexes, the parallel and reverse techniques increased peak VGRF, elbow and wrist compression forces and the elbow internal adduction moment. Increased elbow flexion resulted in decreased peak VGRF, elbow compression forces and elbow internal adduction moment. Injury risk factors including elbow extension and internal adduction moment with axial compression force suggest that a CW and RO in reverse and parallel techniques can be hazardous especially for young female gymnasts.     

Effects of Different Chair-Based Exercises on Salivary Biomarkers and Functional Autonomy in Institutionalized Older Women

Purpose: The aim of this study was to test the effects of chair-based exercise programs on salivary stress hormones, physical fitness, and functional autonomy of institutionalized older women. Method: In total, 47 participants (80 ± 8.04 years old) were recruited and allocated into three groups: chair-based aerobic exercises (CAE, n = 19), chair-based elastic-band strength exercises (CSE, n = 15), and a control group (CG, n = 13). A 14-week exercise intervention was done for the CAE and CSE groups, two times per week, in no consecutive days. Members of the CG did not participate in any type of exercise but kept their regular lifestyle. Fear of falling, autonomy, physical fitness, salivary cortisol, and alpha-amylase levels were assessed before and after the intervention. Results: The CAE group improved upper and lower body strength, agility–dynamic balance, and autonomy, with fear of falling decreasing significantly (p < .05, moderate effect size). Both exercise groups showed a trend toward an increase in salivary alpha-amylase levels (CAE = 43%, d = .31, and CSE = 44%, d = .41). Conclusion: Both exercise programs were able to improve functional autonomy, even in elders older than 80 years of age. It might be interesting to investigate the effectiveness of combining both aerobic and strength exercises in a unique protocol. The modulation effect of exercise in the hormonal responses needs to be further explored.     

我国体育健身产业研究：“十二五”回顾与“十三五”前瞻

以文献研究、理论分析为主要研究方法,对“十二五”期间我国体育健身产业研究现状进行了回顾,并对“十三五”期间的研究主题进行了瞻望。研究认为,“十二五”期间我国体育健身产业研究既取得了一定的成绩,也存在一些问题,突出表现在研究力度不大、理论借鉴不足、对市场需求关注不够等方面。在此基础上,结合国家政策以及体育健身产业的发展趋势,提出了“十三五”期间的主要研究议题,包括体育健身产业供给侧结构性改革研究、“互联网+”背景下体育健身产业研究、社会资本视角下体育健身企业发展研究以及区域体育健身产业协同发展研究等4个方面。     

国外青少年体质健康促进政策的经验与启示

主要运用文献研究、逻辑分析、比较研究等方法,对美国、英国、加拿大、澳大利亚和日本等5个发达国家青少年体质健康促进政策的概况及共性经验进行分析与归纳,研究认为,注重学校、家庭、社区的协调发展,发挥青少年体育组织的积极作用,推动青少年行动计划的实践实施,建立激励政策引导青少年体育锻炼是国外青少年体质健康促进政策的主要经验。据此提出对我国青少年体质健康促进政策发展的主要启示：政府在青少年体质健康促进中的准确定位、发挥社会组织在政策运行中的基础性作用、出台促进青少年体质健康发展的法律法规、建立青少年体质健康多维联动的发展机制。     

健身指导APP资源及使用行为的调查研究

在移动互联网飞速发展的今天,健身指导APP给人们的运动健身带来了新的指导方式。通过文献资料法收集了当前健身指导APP的资源现状,问卷调查法了解当前健身指导APP的使用现状。研究发现,当下健身指导APP存在的问题有：（1）健身指导APP各类型使用率与实际市场占有率差别较大;（2）健身指导APP付费服务存在缺口;（3）通过健身指导APP达到经常锻炼标准的比例较低。针对这些问题提出以下对策与建议：（1）着力发展资源配置型健身指导APP;（2）丰富健身指导APP付费服务,创造新型盈利点;（3）提高健身指导APP服务水平,加强内容的信息监管;（4）与其他互联网平台相互整合发展,多方位为人们提供健身指导服务。     

武汉市封闭式户外活动中心建设可行性研究

建设武汉市封闭式户外活动中心是武汉市政府加快发展武汉体育产业,促进武汉体育消费的重要措施。目前,武汉市在政府、企业、社会等多方支持下已具备建设封闭式户外活动中心的基本条件。本文将从建设依据、作用效益、有利条件、效益分析、面临问题等五个层面进一步阐述了武汉市封闭式户外活动中心建设的可行性,并针对武汉市封闭式户外活动中心的建设现状给出了相关建议。     

Effectiveness of physical education to promote motor competence in primary school children

Background: Motor skill (MS) competence is an important contributing factor for healthy development.

Purpose: The goal was to test the effectiveness of primary school physical education (PE) on MS and physical fitness (PF) development.

Methods: Three classes (n?=?60, aged 9.0?±?0.9) were randomly assigned to three diverse conditions during a school year: two PE lessons/week (PE-2), three PE lessons/week (PE-3), and no PE lessons control group (CG). BMI, skinfolds, PF (9-min run/walk, sit-up, modified pull-ups), gymnastics, soccer, handball, basketball and track-and-field skills were evaluated. Effect sizes (d) were reported as magnitude of change.

Results: Skinfolds significantly increased only in CG (d?=?1.21). PF composite z-scores improved in PE-3 (d?=?0.61), but decreased in PE-2 (d?=?0.57), and had no changes in CG. Statistically significant improvement was verified in gymnastics and handball skills in both experimental groups (gymnastic: d?=?2.95 and d?=?2.61 for PE-3 and PE-2, respectively; handball: d?=?1.87 and d?=?0.57 for PE-3 and PE-2, respectively), and no changes were seen in CG. In soccer, there were improvements only in the PE-3 (d?=?0.55), and in basketball only in PE-2 (d?=?0.46). There were no changes in any group for track-and-field skills.

Conclusions: PE programs can effectively promote PF and MS development.     

The effects of short versus long inter-set rest intervals in resistance training on measures of muscle hypertrophy: A systematic review

Although the effects of short versus long inter-set rest intervals in resistance training on measures of muscle hypertrophy have been investigated in several studies, the findings are equivocal and the practical implications remain unclear. In an attempt to provide clarity on the topic, we performed a systematic literature search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) electronic databases. Six studies were found to have met the inclusion criteria: (a) an experimental trial published in an English-language peer-reviewed journal; (b) the study compared the use of short (≤60?s) to long (>60?s) inter-set rest intervals in a traditional dynamic resistance exercise using both concentric and eccentric muscle actions, with the only difference in resistance training among groups being the inter-set rest interval duration; (c) at least one method of measuring changes in muscle mass was used in the study; (d) the study lasted for a minimum of four weeks, employed a training frequency of ≥2 resistance training days per week, and (e) used human participants without known chronic disease or injury. Current evidence indicates that both short and long inter-set rest intervals may be useful when training for achieving gains in muscle hypertrophy. Novel findings involving trained participants using measures sensitive to detect changes in muscle hypertrophy suggest a possible advantage for the use of long rest intervals to elicit hypertrophic effects. However, due to the paucity of studies with similar designs, further research is needed to provide a clear differentiation between these two approaches.     

Sprint kayaking and canoeing performance prediction based on the relationship between maturity status,anthropometry and physical fitness in young elite paddlers

This study aimed to identify the maturity-related differences and its influence on the physical fitness, morphological and performance characteristics of young elite paddlers. In total, 89 kayakers and 82 canoeists, aged 13.69 ± 0.57 years (mean ± s), were allocated in three groups depending on their age relative to the age at peak height velocity (pre-APHV, circum-APHV and post-APHV) and discipline (kayak and canoe). Nine anthropometric variables, a battery of four physical fitness tests (overhead medicine ball throw, countermovement jump, sit-and-reach test and 20 m multistage shuttle run test) and three specific performance tests (1000, 500 and 200 m) were assessed. Both disciplines presented significant maturity-based differences in all anthropometric parameters (except for fat and muscle mass percentage), overhead medicine ball throw and all performance times (pre > circum > post; P < 0.05). Negative and significant correlations (P < 0.01) were detected between performance times, chronological age and anthropometry (body mass, height, sitting height and maturity status), overhead medicine ball throw and sit and reach for all distances. These findings confirm the importance of maturity status in sprint kayaking and canoeing since the more mature paddlers were also those who revealed largest body size, physical fitness level and best paddling performance. Additionally, the most important variables predicting performance times in kayaking and canoeing were maturity status and chronological age, respectively.     

体育产业新政背景下健美健身产业的发展及路径选择

摘要：健美健身产业是体育产业的重要组成部分。在2014年国务院发布《关于加快发展体育产业促进体育消费的若干意见》和2015年国家统计局发布《国家体育产业统计分类》引领指导下,运用文献资料法和调查访谈法等方法,以健美健身组织、健美健身俱乐部、健美健身俱乐部从业者、以及健美健身相关行业为研究对象,对体育产业中的健美健身产业发展进行研究分析和梳理,如健美健身管理活动,健美健身竞赛表演活动,健美健身休闲活动,健美健身场地设施建设,健美健身场馆服务,迅速发展的健美健身会展业,互联网+健美健身,健美健身产业中的就业与创业,等。为健美健身产业的发展指明方向提出要求,以期更好地提升体育产业和促进健美健身产业的发展。