基于生态学的大学语文教育研究

自然界的任何生物群落或个体的生存状况无不受制于生态系统。大学语文教育是认识过程、心理过程、社会化过程的运动系统,除具有生态系统一般的整体性等结构特征外,还具有自身生态结构的独特性。大学语文教育应当根据其生态结构的内在特征,充分发挥文字、文化、存在和生命四个生态圈的结构功能,采用“五步教学法”。     

Professionalisation policies in the ECEC field: trends and tensions in the Italian context

In recent times, a growing consensus has emerged, among researchers and policy-makers, that a well-educated, competent and adequately supported workforce is crucial for the quality of early childhood education and care (ECEC). Despite governmental initiatives aimed to enhance the professional preparation and continuing development of early years practitioners being high on the political agenda of many EU member states, very few studies are analysing professionalisation policy developments and their implications within the national contexts of ECEC. Against this background, the article describes the key features of ECEC policies in Italy and their current trends by focussing specifically on the professionalisation of early childhood practitioners working across 0–3 and 3–6 services. Drawing on the data collected from documentary sources and interviews with key informants, this paper will critically review policy discourses as well as recurring themes and tensions arising from the academic and political debate. The findings from our analysis highlight that the increasing discontinuity characterising professionalisation initiatives across the 0–3 and 3–6 sector might lead to widening the gap among professionals working in such services. The risks that are associated with this trend are, on the one side, to devalue the educational role of 0–3 services and, on the other, to produce the schoolification of educational practices in 3–6 services. In addition, our analysis identified inconsistencies between initial and continuing professional development policies, which are progressively creating a dichotomy between initial and in-service training. The consequences of this process might produce, on the long term, the fragmentation of the ECEC system across public and private not-for-profit provision with the subsequent risk of impoverishing the local culture of childhood on which the Italian ECEC system has traditionally built its strength.     

Supporting English second-language learners in disadvantaged contexts: learning approaches that promote success in mathematics

In the Australian context, children living in disadvantaged circumstances, whose second language is English, are one of the groups at risk of failing in mathematics. This paper explores the impact purposely developed learning activities (Representations, Oral Language and Engagement in Mathematics Learning activities) have on pupils' mathematics outcomes in the first three years of formal schooling (Foundation, Year 1 and Year 2). The participating group (n = 461) comprised 328 English language learners and 133 mainstream pupils. To ascertain the impact of the learning experience, pre- and post-tests were conducted at the commencement and completion of each school year. The results indicate that all of the children significantly improved, with English as a second language pupils showing the greatest gains, and achieving norm-referenced expectations for their age.     

Improving numeracy outcomes for children through community action research

Virtue, according to Aristotle, is doing the right things at the right time with the right people for the right end and in the right way. This concept is central to the work of the Early Learning Initiative, an Irish community-based educational initiative. This paper describes how a community of parents, early childhood care and education practitioners and a third-level institution used action research to develop a three-year numeracy programme for children aged zero to six years. The Early Numeracy Project was one of 11 national projects that aimed to influence early years practice, provision and policy in Ireland. Remaining true to our local values and virtuous practice while implementing a national project was challenging, particularly when robust evidence of the impact of the programme on the children and parents in our community was required at national level. Approximately 860 children (zero to six years old) and their families took part in the Early Numeracy Programme each year, with national and local evaluations indicating that the outcomes for children in the programme had improved. The programme is an example of how a local community can use action research and virtuous practices to implement a national programme and improve outcomes for children.     

Chopsticks and clothes: Chinese heritage parents' perspectives on young children's technology use as a tool for language and cultural learning

This paper presents Chinese heritage parents' perspectives on young children's use of technology as a tool for language and cultural learning. Growing up with Confucian heritage culture, some Chinese parents have particular cultural beliefs about learning that value effortful learning practices and the social context of learning. However, some Chinese parents believe technology is just a tool for entertainment and keeps children away from social interaction, which leads to their preference of print-based literacy practices at home. Four parents from different families whose children were between the ages of four to five participated in this study. These parents were interviewed about their experience and history of using technology and their thoughts about technology as a tool for language and cultural learning. Four narratives were constructed to describe parents' experiences, histories, opinions, cultural values and beliefs. Parents' perspectives were influenced by a variety of intertwined factors, including their own childhood language learning experiences, their histories of using technology, their cultural values and beliefs about learning, the purpose of technological experiences, and the quality of available technological resources. Pedagogical implications for using technology with children and communicating with parents are discussed.     

补阳还五汤治疗中风后遗症的研究进展

补阳还五汤为清代名医王清任所创,始见于《医林改错》,由黄芪、当归、川芎、地龙、赤芍、桃仁、红花组成,具有补气活血通络的功效。临床的治疗研究与实验证明,本方对于治疗中风后遗症效果良好,尤其以气虚血瘀型效果明显。现代研究表明,补阳还五汤具有抗血栓、抗氧化、抗动脉粥样硬化、和促进神经系统修复等多种作用。文章综述了近年来补阳还五汤对中风后遗症的临床治疗实验及相关研究进展。     

“思维五步法”在高职经济学课程教学中的应用

“思维五步法”是杜威“做中学”教育思想的具体体现,高职经济学尽管被广泛界定为理论课,但是由于其理论来源于经济生活,可以很好地为学生创设真实的体验情境．提出问题．因此可有效地采用“思维五步法”进行教学．从而提高学生学习兴趣,且达到理论与实际相结合,顺应高职院校教学改革之需要。     

我国学生体质东西差异变化动态研究——以上海和甘肃为例

为了探讨东西部7~18岁汉族学生体质差异,应用文献资料法和数理统计法,将中国学生体质与健康2000年和2010年两次调研中有关上海和甘肃省7-18岁汉族学生体质数据进行统计和对比分析。结果表明:在2000—2010年的10年间,7~18岁上海城市学生身高、体重优于甘肃汉族城市学生且差异呈缩小趋势,7~18岁上海乡村学生身高、体重优于甘肃乡村学生且差异呈拉大趋势,7~18上海学生胸围与甘肃学生胸围差异呈拉大趋势,7~18上海学生肺活量反超甘肃学生并有差距拉大的趋势,7~18岁上海学生身体素质优于甘肃学生且差异呈现缩小趋势。     

我国近四年体育文化研究进展

近4年以来,我国体育文化研究经历了一个快速发展的时期,其学科构建趋于完善,研究主体基本成熟,研究内容不断深化,研究方法趋于多样,研究手段趋于先进.学科研究在关注我国社会发展和体育文化发展的实际中增强了研究的时代性,在关注社会转型与体育文化的变迁中拓展了理论基础的空间.从而使得学科研究出现了理论思辨与实证研究相结合,个案描述与理论建构相统一的发展趋势,研究成果逐步系统化.但诸多的研究中,也存在一些不足.即,研究成果突显过强的主观性,缺乏客观的实证研究;好大喜功的研究思想较严重,微观领域的研究尚显不足;个案研究成果中从个案分析到理论的创建尚显不足;研究成果基本缺乏学理性等.     

京津冀一体化背景下保定“一分为五”基础上“安国子片区”的发展思路

“京津冀一体化”为近京津的河北省的一些地区带来新的发展机遇,由于保定辖区面积较大,在对接京津过程中需要进行分片发展,“一分为五”格局下的保定5个“子片区”分别以保定、涿州、高碑店、安国和望都为核心构建“老保定子片区”、“涿州子片区”、“高碑店子片区”、“安国子片区”、“望都子片区”。“安国子片区”位于保定东南侧,远离京津,在城市化进程中需要利用已有的交通网络,构建“温仁镇”次中心,发展两条“小城镇带”,让高阳融入“一城六星”城市子团,让“安国子片区”在“京津石三角形”中不断借力发展,在做好“子片区”各个县级行政单元内部文章的同时,也要通过行政力量强化不同行政区划之间的资源整合,让“安国子片区”逐渐发展成为保定东南侧的新支撑点。