财政分权、地方政府效率与区域创新

文章利用1999—2016年30个省份的面板数据,检验财政分权对地区创新的影响,并将政府效率因素纳入框架,以深入探讨财政分权的创新驱动绩效。结果表明,地方财政分权在区域创新发展中发挥了积极作用。进一步地,地方财政资源支持创新的有效程度离不开政府运作效率的影响,将政府运作效率保持在合理区间,是发挥财政分权促进地区创新的一大条件。特别的,调整地方财政力量支持导向,是促成地区有竞争力创新驱动的重要路径。此外,建构一个适配创新产出转化成为切实经济、社会福利的基础条件,是当前创新驱动发展的必由之路。     

核心部位健身负荷训练的心率阈探析

核心部位的健身训练受到越来越多健美爱好者的关注。通过对大学生的负荷训练实验,运用数理统计分析等方法,以提供健身负荷训练科学的心率阈,作为评判核心部位健身负荷训练运动强度的量化标准。结果表明:用80%或60%最大负荷强度的杠铃俯立划船训练心率在103～126b/min,大于重锤坐姿胸前下拉、哑铃俯卧飞鸟;站姿比坐姿和卧姿负荷训练心率上升幅度大;相同的练习,8RM或16RM训练的心率高于1RM和3RM训练的心率,健身训练宜采用8RM或16RM强度练习。     

Influence of Arm Position and Lung Volume on the Center of Buoyancy of Competitive Swimmers

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if anaerobic performance as measured by the Wingate is decremented in elite female athletes when fraction of inspired oxygen is decreased from 20.9% to 10%. Method: Nine collegiate female soccer players (M_weight = 63.2 ± 10 kg, M_height = 164 ± 4.7 cm, M_age = 18.6 ± 0.5 year) performed 1 Wingate test under each condition separated by at least 24 hr. Oxygen consumption was measured breath by breath using a Sensor-Medics metabolic cart. Postexercise blood lactates were measured using the finger-stick method. During normoxic and hypoxic (10% inspired oxygen [O₂]) conditions, participants inhaled air from a 300-L weather balloon during the 30-s test. Results: Peak power, minimum power, average power, postexercise blood lactate, preexercise and postexercise blood O₂ saturation, and total O₂ consumed during exercise and during recovery were not statistically different between conditions. However, the Fatigue Index and peak ventilation were significantly greater during hypoxia than normoxia (35 ± 11% vs. 27 ± 9% &; 91.6 ± 14.2 L/min vs. 75.2 ± 11.1 L/min, respectively, p < .05, Cohen's d = ? 0.80 and ? 1.29, respectively). Ventilation was elevated during hypoxia within 5 s of beginning the Wingate and remained elevated throughout exercise. This increased ventilation was sufficient to maintain oxygen consumption during exercise. Conclusion: Under hypoxic conditions, the ventilatory response to the Wingate test is perhaps more important than aerobic capacity per se in determining whether or not Wingate performance is decremented.     

促进流动儿童学前教育发展的实践探索——以广东省惠州市惠城区为例

流动儿童接受学前教育的问题日益突出,保障流动儿童的受教育权,解决流动儿童的入园问题,是当前学前教育领域重点关注的问题.广东省惠州市惠城区从自身发展现实出发,强调从健全机构、合理布局、社会参与、制度保障、规范管理等方面促进当地学前教育的改革与发展,为解决流动儿童的学前教育问题提供了一条切实可行的途径.其中,建立健全学前教育管理机构是前提,促进公办民办幼儿园共同和谐、健康发展是关键,由此必然要求地方政府创新办园机制、行政管理体系与监督机制,推行规范化管理,保证学前教育质量,同时严格控制幼儿园收费标准,优化资源配置,真正保障包括流动儿童在内的低收入家庭儿童接受学前教育的机会与权利,实现学前教育公平.     

自主研发创新、知识积累与科技绩效——基于高技术产业数据的动态门槛机理研究

针对中国高技术产业面临的创新驱动发展的可持续转型增长的问题与挑战以及知识积累隐性研发创新与绩效非直接关联的特征,从地区知识积累视角改进并构建自主研发创新驱动科技绩效的非线性动态门槛模型,探讨地区知识积累的动态门槛效应和时空异质性,在方法和内容上揭示创新驱动发展面临的挑战形势中的"黑箱"。研究表明:高技术产业研发人员投入显著促进产业科技绩效的提升;技术引进与改造创新均在一定程度上对科技绩效产生负向效应;高技术产业自主研发创新驱动科技绩效的效应显著受限于地区知识积累水平的影响,随着知识积累门槛水平提升,自主研发创新驱动效益逐渐提高,存在基于知识积累水平的双门槛效应,进而划分低知识积累(KS≤5.285)、中知识积累(5.285KS≤6.769)和高知识积累(KS6.769)三种类型。同时,自主研发创新驱动机理存在地区知识积累水平的时空异质性,不同年份地区间的分布差异较大。     

地方政府投资对区域技术创新的影响效应研究——基于门槛回归模型的实证分析

探究地方政府投资对区域技术创新的影响效应,在阐述地方政府投资对区域技术创新作用机理的基础上,采用2005—2019年我国30个省份的面板数据构建固定效应模型进行有效性检验,同时构建面板门槛模型进行异质性分析。结果显示：（1）地方政府投资能够显著提升地区的技术创新水平;（2）地方政府投资对地区技术创新水平的影响存在双重门槛效应,其中,当地方政府投资作为门槛变量时,门槛值分别是0.010和0.109;当开放水平作为门槛变量时,门槛值分别是0.186和0.852。得到政策启示如下：政府应继续在基础设施领域以及创新性项目方面加大投资,但投资水平应保持在合理范围内,此外应适当引资充分发挥外资的示范效应。     

研发要素集聚、投入强度与研发效率——基于空间异质性的视角

研发溢出效应以及空间异质性使得研发要素集聚与研发效率之间的关系变得复杂。基于空间异质性视角,应用空间面板模型和门限面板模型考察了1993-2012我国研发要素集聚与研发效率之间的非线性空间联系。实证结果表明:我国研发要素集聚与研发效率在空间上呈非均衡分布,研发要素集聚对研发效率具有明显的提升效应;研发要素集聚对研发效率提升效应主要取决于研发投入强度和研发要素集聚水平,研发投入强度越大,研发要素集聚对研发效率提升作用就越明显;而研发要素集聚和研发效率之间则呈倒"U"型关系,研发要素集聚跨过一个门槛值,将抑制研发效率的提升。本文政策含义明显,政府应持续加大研发投入强度,同时切忌走入盲目提高研发要素集聚的误区,应根据本地区的实际情况,有针对性地实施差异化的研发效率提升策略。     

Intensity of exercise recovery,blood lactate disappearance,and subsequent swimming performance

Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of active versus passive recovery on blood lactate disappearance and subsequent maximal performance in competitive swimmers. Fourteen male swimmers from the University of Virginia swim team (mean age 20.3 years, s = 4.1; stature 1.85 m, s = 2.2; body mass 81.1 kg, s = 5.6) completed a lactate profiling session during which the speed at the lactate threshold (V_LT), the speed at 50% of the lactate threshold (V_LT.5), and the speed at 150% of the lactate threshold (V_LT1.5) were determined. Participants also completed four randomly assigned experimental sessions that consisted of a 200-yard maximal-effort swim followed by 10 min of recovery (passive, V_LT.5, V_LT, V_LT1.5) and a subsequent 200-yard maximal effort swim. All active recovery sessions resulted in greater lactate disappearance than passive recovery (P < 0.0001 for all comparisons), with the greatest lactate disappearance associated with recovery at V_LT (P = 0.006 and 0.007 vs. V_LT.5 and V_LT1.5 respectively) [blood lactate disappearance was 2.1 mmol · l^?1 (s = 2.0), 6.0 mmol · l^?1 (s = 2.6), 8.5 mmol · l^?1 (s = 1.8), and 6.1 mmol · l^?1 (s = 2.5) for passive, V_LT.5, V_LT, and V_LT1.5 respectively]. Active recovery at V_LT and V_LT1.5 resulted in faster performance on time trial 2 than passive recovery (P = 0.005 and 0.03 respectively); however, only active recovery at V_LT resulted in improved performance on time trial 2 (TT₂) relative to time trial 1 (TT₁) [TT₂?TT₁: passive +1.32 s (s = 0.64), V_LT.5+1.01 s (s = 0.53), V_LT?1.67 s (s = 0.26), V_LT1.5?0.07 s (s = 0.51); P < 0.0001 for V_LT). In conclusion, active recovery at the speed associated with the lactate threshold resulted in the greatest lactate disappearance and in improved subsequent performance in all 14 swimmers. Our results suggest that coaches should consider incorporating recovery at the speed at the lactate threshold during competition and perhaps during hard training sessions.     

应用无氧阈指标对自行车运动员进行训练控制的研究

研究结果表明,增加无氧阈和阈上强度比例的训练负荷量,有利于改善有氧能力,提高100Km运动成绩;增加高强度训练比例,有利于发展专项速度耐力,提高1Km、4Km运动成绩。研究结果证明了训练控制的重要性和可行性。本研究获国家体委科技进步一等奖。     

高校人力资源管理与开发对策研究

高校人力资源是特殊的人力资源。它自身是人力资本存量丰富的优质人力资源,又承担着培养具有丰富的人力资本存量的人力资源的重担。然而,我国高校人力资源的管理与开发存在着很多严峻的问题,为了有效地管理和开发这些特殊的人力资源,该文通过寻找问题的本源,提出解决问题的对策和建议。