发动机燃烧室内壁材料热环境的气动热试验模拟技术研究

利用超声速矩形湍流导管和等离子电弧加热器模拟了发动机燃烧室内流和高超声速飞行器外壁面外流热环境,进行了平板表面冷壁热流测量和燃烧室内壁材料考核试验。结果表明:由于辐射换热的影响,在选取的两个典型来流条件下,发动机燃烧室内流热环境下的冷壁热流比外流热环境下的高出21%和40%,但是冷壁热流的增量基本相当,约为0.70~0.80MW/m²。随着冷壁热流的增加,辐射换热产生的热流增量的影响力会逐渐减小。材料考核时,相同配方的C/SiC复合材料在内流热环境下的表面温度高出约400℃,背面温度高出约90℃,这种差异对于发动机燃烧室内壁面材料考核至关重要,必须在材料考核试验中加以考虑。      

U型流道中的MHD流动、传热及插件结构的力学性能

结合有限体积法和有限元法研究U型流道中磁流体的流动特性、传热性能和流道插件的力学性能,发现外加磁场强度、金属流体进口速度以及流道插件导电性能对流道内速度场、温度场及流道插件应力、应变场的影响规律。计算结果表明：当外加磁场增强,出口段流场的温度也相应升高;较高的进口速度可以提高出口段流体的温度;提高流道插件导电性能,速度场将呈现“M”型分布,但出口段温度场变化极小。流道插件危险区域位于过渡段侧壁附近,该处应力随磁场增强而增大,随进口速度升高而降低,随流道插件电导率增大略有提升,但都小于插件材料的许用应力。本工作可为ITER包层的设计提供有价值的参考。     

The effects of a calf pump device on second half performance of a simulated soccer match in competitive youth players

During soccer matches, performance decrements have been reported that relate to both physical abilities and technical skills. To investigate the effects of low-frequency electrical stimulation LFES (VeinoplusSport®, Ad Rem Technology, France) administered during half-time recovery on performance alterations during the second half. Twenty-two highly trained young players undertook a soccer-match simulation (SAFT⁹⁰). During half-time, they were randomly assigned to LFES group or Placebo group. Each half was split into 3 bouts of 12 minutes. Following each bout, maximal strike speed (MSS), sprint test (ST), maximal sprint accelerations (MA) and metabolic power (MP) were determined in both groups. Arterial (AF) and venous flows (VF) were measured at rest and at the end of half-time. LEFS group exhibited beneficial effects on performance compared to the Placebo group with a likely effect for MSS, ST, MA, and a possible effect for MP. AF and VF increased statistically more in LEFS group compared to Placebo group. The use of specific calf-pump LFES during half-time of a youth simulated soccer match attenuated the decrease in performance during the second half compared to Placebo group. This effect is most marked at the beginning of the second half with regards to explosive parameters.     

Effects of periodic carbohydrate ingestion on endurance and cognitive performances during a 40-km cycling time-trial under normobaric hypoxia in well-trained triathletes

The purpose of this study was to examine CHO ingestion on a cognitive task using a field-simulated time-trial (TT) under hypoxia in well-trained triathletes. Ten male triathletes (age: 22.1 ± 1.1 years; VO₂max: 59.4 ± 1.4 ml/kg/min) participated in this double-blind/crossover/counter-balanced design study. Participants completed 3 TT trials: 1) normoxic placebo (NPLA; FiO₂ = 20.9%), 2) hypoxic placebo (HPLA; FiO₂ = 16.3%), and 3) hypoxic CHO (HCHO; 6% CHO provided as 2 ml/kg/15 min; FiO₂ = 16.3%). During the TT, physiological responses (SpO₂, HR, RPE, and blood glucose/lactate), cognitive performance, and cerebral haemodynamics were measured. Hypoxia reduced TT performance by ~3.5–4% (p < 0.05), but CHO did not affect TT performance under hypoxia. For the cognitive task, CHO slightly preserved exercise-induced cognitive reaction speed but did not affect response accuracy during hypoxic exercise. However, CHO did not preserve the decreased Hb-Diff (cerebral blood flow, CBF) and increased HHb in the prefrontal lobe (p < 0.05) during hypoxic exercise, and CHO failed to preserve hypoxia-suppressed prefrontal CBF and tissue oxygen saturation. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that CHO is effective in sustaining reaction speed for a cognitive task but not promoting TT performance during hypoxic exercise, which would be important for strategy-/decision-making when athletes compete at moderate high-altitude.     

Combined effects of exposure to hypoxia and cool on walking economy and muscle oxygenation profiles at tibialis anterior

We investigated combined effects of ambient temperature (23°C or 13°C) and fraction of inspired oxygen (21%O₂ or 13%O₂) on energy cost of walking (C_w: J·kg^?1·km^?1) and economical speed (ES). Eighteen healthy young adults (11 males, seven females) walked at seven speeds from 0.67 to 1.67 m s^?1 (four min per stage). Environmental conditions were set; thermoneutral (N: 23°C) with normoxia (N: 21%O₂) = NN; 23°C (N) with hypoxia (H: 13%O₂) = NH; cool (C: 13°C) with 21%O₂ (N) = CN, and 13°C (C) with 13%O₂ (H) = CH. Muscle deoxygenation (HHb) and tissue O₂ saturation (StO₂) were measured at tibialis anterior. We found a significantly slower ES in NH (1.289 ± 0.091 m s^?1) and CH (1.275 ± 0.099 m s^?1) than in NN (1.334 ± 0.112 m s^?1) and CN (1.332 ± 0.104 m s^?1). Changes in HHb and StO₂ were related to the ES. These results suggested that the combined effects (exposure to hypoxia and cool) is nearly equal to exposure to hypoxia and cool individually. Specifically, acute moderate hypoxia slowed the ES by approx. 4%, but acute cool environment did not affect the ES. Further, HHb and StO₂ may partly account for an individual ES.     

我国工商资本下乡研究：文献梳理与问题讨论

近年来,工商资本大举进入农村经营农业的问题已引起社会的广泛关注,并成为学界研究的热点和重点领域。学界主要从工商资本下乡的动因、渠道与模式、对解决“三农”问题的积极意义和负面影响与潜在风险以及政府规制等方面进行研究,对工商资本下乡的积极意义给予了充分的肯定;主流观点支持工商资本进入农业,但强调需要加强监管,防止过度“非粮化”“非农化”以及大量圈地和排挤农民等现象发生。此外,城市工商资本与农村工商资本的划分、差别化监管的依据以及“非粮化”控制的区域范围等问题还需要进一步深入研究。     

共轨式喷油系统数学模型

针对高压共轨喷油系统所特有的工作过程和部件结构 ,建立了系统各部件综合的数学模型 ,并采用有限容积法对方程进行了离散 ,对系统的压力特性、电磁特性和控制参数等进行了仿真 ,为系统的参数设计、标定提供了依据。     

IRON DETERMINATION AFTER ON-LINE SORBENT PRECONCENTRATION BY FI-FASS USING 1,10-PHENANTHROLINE AS A COMPLEXING AGENT

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＯｎ ｌｉｎｅｓｅｐａｒａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｐｒｅｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｉｏｎｈａｖｅｒｅｃｅｉｖｅｄｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒａｂｌｅａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎｉｎｆｌｏｗｉｎｊｅｃｔｉｏｎａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｃｏｕｐｌｅｄｗｉｔｈａｔｏｍｉｃａｂｓｏｒｐｔｉｏｎｓｐｅｃ ｔｒｏｍｅｔｒｙｄｕｒｉｎｇｒｅｃｅｎｔｙｅａｒｓａｎｄｉｓｗｉｄｅｌｙａｐ ｐｌｉｅｄｆｏｒｓｅｌｅｃｔｉｖｉｔｙａｎｄｓｅｎｓｉｔｉｖｉｔｙｅｎｈａｎｃｅｍｅｎｔ(Ｆａｎｇ ,1 995 ) .Ａｕｔｏｍａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｓａｍｐｌｅｐ…     

运动医学领域中的中医外治法

中医外治法原理是通过经络传导、皮肤、粘膜吸收药物达到治疗康复的目的。分析了几种中医外治法在运动医学领域中的应用特点,其中穴位中药离子导入是一种传统医学与现代新型给药技术相结合的方法,目前在运动医学领域中运用较少,经皮给药系统的治疗手段在消除运动疲劳、损伤治疗等方面将有很大的发展空间。     

基于人才流动机制的高校科研项目管理

人才流动给高校科研项目工作带来一定的负面影响。结合实践总结归纳并分析了在人才流动机制下高校科研项目管理中存在的问题,提出了相应的对策。