Post-traumatic stress as a pathway to psychopathology among adolescents at high-risk for victimization

ObjectiveVictimization by violence elevates adolescents’ risk for developing internalizing and externalizing psychopathology. Recent findings suggest that disruptions in developmental processes associated with post-traumatic stress (PTS) reactions may partially account for the relationship between victimization and the subsequent development of psychopathology during adolescence. The present study tested the temporal sequencing of these associations using multi-informant measurements in a large, diverse sample of adolescents at high-risk for victimization.MethodData were collected from a multi-site consortium of prospective studies, the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect (LONGSCAN). Information about 833 youth’s victimization experiences (i.e., direct, indirect, familial, and non-familial violence), PTS, and affective, anxiety, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and conduct disorder (CD) symptoms were gathered from youth and their caregivers during biannual face-to-face interviews when youth were between the ages of 4 and 14 years, and continuously from official child protective services records.ResultsStructural equation modeling revealed that cumulative victimization contributed to elevations in youth and caregiver reported late childhood and early adolescent psychopathology. While PTS mediated the association between victimization and youth reported ADHD, ODD, CD, major depressive, and generalized anxiety symptoms during adolescence, it only mediated the association between victimization and caregiver reported affective symptoms.ConclusionsPTS reactions following childhood victimization partially accounted for escalations in psychopathology during the transition to adolescence. These findings underscore the importance of integrating trauma-informed assessment and intervention approaches with at-risk adolescents. Researchers should determine whether trauma-focused interventions sufficiently ameliorate other psychopathology among victimized adolescents or if additional interventions components are necessary.     

Lipid Peroxidation Correlates with HIVmRNA in Serodiscordant Heterosexual HIVpartners of Nigerian Origin

We recruited 59 individuals of known HIV serostatus after informed consent however, 44 were serodiscordant heterosexual partners [serodiscordant seronegative (SSN group) and serodiscordant seropositive (SSP group)] while 15 were seronegative healthy individuals (SNH). In the case–control study we choose to determine Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration as a marker of lipid peroxidation index (oxidative stress) spectrophotometrically and quantify HIV mRNA by Real Time-nucleic acid sequence based amplification assay (RT-NASBA). Here our result show for the first time a high concentration of lipid peroxidation product (MDA, 116.6%) with a significant (P < 0.05) increase in HIV serodiscordant seropositive subjects over their seronegative partners. However, Spearman rank correlation statistics of SSP group showed a positive correlation value (P < 0.01, r = 0.89) between MDA and mRNA and a negative correlation between MDA and T-cell ratio (P < 0.01, r = 0.96).The study may strongly indicate a possible lipid peroxidation product threshold for predicting HIV infection and progression in serodiscordant heterosexual partners.     

大数据赋能科技馆客流分析——以中国科技馆观众大数据分析平台为例

近年来,随着信息技术的高速发展和科技馆管理要求的不断提高,为更好地了解和掌握观众所需,提升科技馆的管理和服务能力,采用大数据等先进的信息技术手段,创新更加人性化的贴身服务,已成为科技馆的迫切需求。本文以中国科技馆观众大数据分析平台为例,介绍了如何通过移动终端信号监测解决场馆内精准定位问题,并运用运营商大数据实现对科技馆客流统计、观众画像和行为分析,为大数据在科普场馆智慧化应用方面提供参考。     

Adjustment Disorder: a new way of conceptualizing the overtraining syndrome

It is proposed that an athlete's overtrained state is more perceptible in its etiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention if considered from the context of a biopsychosocial disorder of adjustment. By shifting focus from a limited notion of excessive training loads and inadequate recovery schedules onto a comprehensive model of maladjustment, the full scope of the phenomenon becomes clearer. Specifically, the overtrained state is reconceptualized as an Adjustment Disorder and thus should be treated from the perspective of this diagnosis. Adjustment Disorder is viewed as a response to an identifiable stressor or stressors that results in clinically significant symptoms, and ‘can be triggered by a stressor of any severity and may involve a wide range of possible symptoms’ (DSM-IV-TR, 2000, p. 682). A rationale for the adoption of this definition is proposed. Included in this rationale is a comprehensive model of maladjustment with an overview of relevant subtypes to clarify the complex interaction of variables involved in the etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of the athlete's maladjusted state.     

大体积混凝土温度裂缝控制

通过对武汉国际证券大厦桩基础承台底板大体积混凝土温度变化和温度应力的研究,分析混凝土温度裂缝产生的主要原因,从材料选择、施工关键过程等方面介绍了温度控制所采取的保湿保温控制大体积混凝土温度裂缝的措施。     

波状粗糙壁模型流动的壁面热流和阻力关联关系的数值研究

微粗糙壁面上高速气流的流动和传热特性是当前关注的问题。以半无穷长正弦波状板作为微粗糙壁面模型,使用OpenFOAM程序,数值研究不同来流参数和不同波幅的正弦波状板流动。结果表明,在波状壁流动中,壁面热流系数C_Q与总阻力系数C_D呈现出直接关联,C_Q/C_D是表征粗糙壁流动与传热特性的关键参数。对于附着型流动,C_Q/C_D仅取决于粗糙度与边界层厚度之比,即等效粗糙度h;而流动产生分离后,C_Q/C_D不再随粗糙度变化,仅与波状板相似变化后的位置参量有关。     

玉米南运的耕地资源流动及其影响分析

粮食贸易所隐含的虚拟资源流动是20世纪90年代以来提出的，除供需配置和流域配置之外的另一种重要的粮食和农业资源配置形式。本文借鉴“虚拟资源”的概念和方法，分析了我国玉米“北粮南运”的虚拟耕地资源流动，并重点分析了其对于区域耕地资源配置的影响。结果表明，我国每年从北方运往南方的玉米将近4000万吨，相当于向南方调运了590～950万公顷的虚拟耕地。作为主要调出区，东北地区资源优势明显，玉米流动的资源配置方式较为合理，华北地区的优势则不明显，资源配置欠合理。虽然虚拟耕地资源流动满足我国南方地区的粮食需求，却承担着巨大的经济、生态、社会公平代价。Tony Allan提出的虚拟资源贸易是具有利益倾向性的，为了弥补虚拟耕地调出区的损失，有必要合理配置耕地资源，给予我国耕地资源流出区一定补助，对耕地资源给予补偿，并将耕地资源和土地资源纳入统一的核算模式中。     

The effects of carbohydrate supplementation during repeated bouts of prolonged exercise on saliva flow rate and immunoglobulin A

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of carbohydrate (CHO) feeding during different periods of two 90-min cycling bouts (the first bout began at 09:00?h and the second bout began at 13:30?h) at 60% maximal oxygen uptake ([Vdot]O_2max) on saliva flow rate and saliva immunoglobulin A (sIgA) responses to the second exercise bout. The study consisted of three investigations: carbohydrate supplementation during (1) the first hour of the recovery interval (CHO-REC), (2) during the first bout of exercise and (3) during the second bout of exercise. Each investigation included two trials completed in a counterbalanced order and separated by at least 4 days. Participants consumed a lemon-flavoured 10% w/v carbohydrate beverage or placebo (22?ml?·?kg^?1 body mass) in the first hour of the recovery interval (n = 8) and 500?ml just before exercise, followed by 250?ml every 20?min during exercise in the first (n = 9) and second exercise bouts (n = 9). Timed unstimulated saliva samples were collected at 10?min before exercise, after 48?–?50?min of exercise and during the last 2?min of exercise, at 1?h post exercise, 2?h post exercise (first exercise bout only), and 18?h post exercise (second exercise bout only). Venous blood samples were taken 5?min before exercise and immediately after exercise for both exercise bouts in all trials. The main findings of the present study were as follows. First, carbohydrate ingestion during both exercise bouts, but not during the recovery interval, better maintained plasma glucose concentrations and attenuated the increase in plasma adrenaline and cortisol concentrations after the second exercise bout compared with placebo. Second, carbohydrate feeding had no effect on saliva flow rate and sIgA secretion rate compared with placebo. Third, saliva flow rate and sIgA concentration returned to pre-exercise bout 1 values within 2?h in all trials. Fourth, there was no delayed effect of exercise on oral immunity. These findings suggest that carbohydrate ingestion during the first or second bout of exercise, but not during the recovery interval, is likely to better maintain plasma glucose concentrations and attenuate the responses of plasma stress hormones to a second exercise bout than ingestion of fluid alone. Two bouts of 90?min cycling at 60% [Vdot]O_2max on the same day appears to inhibit saliva flow rate during the second exercise bout but does not alter sIgA transcytosis. Our results show that carbohydrate ingestion during any period of two prolonged exercise bouts does not induce different effects on oral immunity compared with placebo.     

基于单片机的步进电机程序控制系统设计

步进电机在许多领域中被广泛使用,阐述了用软件产生控制脉冲,用单片机系统代替传统的脉冲发生器和脉冲分配器,提出了三相六拍步进电机的硬件接口电路及控制流程图。     

样品放置时间对连续流动法测定烟草还原糖结果的影响

为提高RFA-300连续流动分析仪测定烟草制品中还原糖含量的准确性,依据行业标准YC/T159-2002对各种影响因素进行了考察,发现样品放置时间是主要影响因素。实验结果表明,在烟草及烟草制品中还原糖的连续流动法测定中,样品宜制备后马上测定,不宜放置太长时间。