品牌生态位测度及其评价方法研究

借鉴生态学原理，对品牌生态位的涵义进行了初探，建立了品牌生态位宽度及重叠度的计算公式，提出了品牌生态位适合度评价的函数法、模糊评价法、适合度复合系数法以及基于同类标杆案例品牌贴近度的品牌生态位适合度评价模型。给出了一个实际应用案例，针对案例中的四个品牌，分别计算了目标品牌、竞争品牌以及标杆品牌的品牌生态位宽度、重叠度。利用综合评价模型对该目标品牌的适合度进行了分析与评价。     

产业集群内知识转移的小世界网络模型分析

产业集群内各成员之间通过知识转移这一社会行为建立了复杂的连接关系,研究表明,这些连接纵横交错形成集群的知识转移网络,呈现出典型的小世界特征。用小世界网络模型分析产业集群,并运用特征路径长度和集团化系数来表征集群成员间知识转移频率和集聚程度,旨在为促进产业集群发展提供一种新的分析思路。     

Genetic analysis of fruit shape traits at different maturation stages in sponge gourd

The fruit shape is important quantitative trait closely related to the fruit quality. However, the genetic model of fruit shapes has not been proposed. Therefore, in the present study, analysis of genetic effects for fruit shape traits （fruit length and fruit perimeter） in sponge gourd was conducted by employing a developmental genetic model including fruit direct effects and maternal effects. Analysis approaches of unconditional and conditional variances were applied to evaluate the genetic behavior of fruit shape traits at economical and physiological maturation times. The results of variance analysis indicated that fruit length and fruit perimeter were simultaneously affected by fruit direct genetic effects and maternal effects. Fruit direct genetic effects were relatively more important for fruit shape traits at whole developmental period. The gene expression was most active at the economical maturation stage （1-12 d after flowering） for two shape traits, and the activation of gene was mostly due to direct dominance effects at physiological maturation stage （13-60 datter flowering）. The coefficients due to different genetic effects, as well as the phenotypic correlation coefficients, varied significantly between fruit shape traits themselves at various maturation stages. The results showed that it was relatively easy to improve fruit shape traits for industrial purpose by carefully selecting the parents at economical maturation stage instead of that at physiological maturation stage.     

不等长双缝夫琅禾费衍射光强分布

根据夫琅禾费衍射与傅立叶变换的关系,数值计算了由宽度相同而长度不同双缝组成衍射平面的夫琅禾费衍射光强分布,结果表明双缝长度之比是影响干涉条纹的可见度的主要因素。     

中国学习者英语语调单位特征研究——一项基于英语专业四级口语考试的研究

本研究采用某高等院校全国英语专业四级口语考试中的第一项（复述故事）任务作为研究对象语料,借助语音分析软件Praat对预料进行筛选、标注、分析,从而发现研究对象的独立语调单位特征主要表现在：用词量少,时长短;语调单位与句法结构的切分存在偏差;多个重读音节并存;调核音调单一,多降少升。     

二次成像法凸透镜移动距离的研究与应用

二次成像法中凸透镜的移动距离是一个重要的参数,分析凸透镜的移动距离与相关变量之间的关系,并举例说明了它的应用。     

老年人人体测量学参数与滑动摔倒危险性的关系

摘要：目的：摔倒是目前世界范围内老年人群身体健康所面临的一个主要威胁。然而对于老年人人体测量学参数与摔倒危险之间关系的研究很少。通过对老年人进行滑倒模拟测试,来确定人体测量学参数与摔倒的关系。方法：187名健康老年人在美国伊利诺伊大学芝加哥分校临床步态和运动分析实验室参加了滑动测试。实验采集了受试者的人体测量学参数（身高、体重和足长）以及年龄和性别指标。所有受试者在一个安装有滑板装置的7 m长跑道上完成数次正常行走后,经历了一次事先未知的滑动,测试过程中有护具保证其安全。结果：测试中98名(52.4%)受试者摔倒,89名能够恢复正常步态。女性比男性(79% vs. 58%, P < 0.01)受试者,肥胖组比非肥胖组(39% vs. 20%, P < 0.01)老年人,身高低(P < 0.01)和足长小(P< 0.01)的老年人更容易发生摔倒。通过多元回归分析得到身体质量指数（BMI）、性别和身高是摔倒的危险因素。另外,身高与性别具有显著性交互作用。结论：研究结果表明女性、身高低、肥胖者（BMI> 30 kg/m2）以及足长小的老年人发生摔倒的危险性较大。     

Are gait characteristics and ground reaction forces related to energy cost of running in elite Kenyan runners?

The aim of this study was to determine whether gait cycle characteristics are associated with running economy in elite Kenyan runners. Fifteen elite Kenyan male runners completed two constant-speed running sets on a treadmill (12 km ·h^?1 and 20 km ·h^?1). VO₂ and respiratory exchange ratio values were measured to calculate steady-state oxygen and energy cost of running. Gait cycle characteristics and ground contact forces were measured at each speed. Oxygen cost of running at different velocities was 192.2 ± 14.7 ml· kg^?1· km^?1 at 12 km· h^?1 and 184.8 ± 9.9 ml· kg^?1· km^?1 at 20 km· h^?1, which corresponded to a caloric cost of running of 0.94 ± 0.07 kcal ·kg^?1·km^?1 and 0.93 ± 0.07 kcal· kg^?1· km^?1. We found no significant correlations between oxygen and energy cost of running and biomechanical variables and ground reaction forces at either 12 or 20 km· h^?1. However, ground contact times were ~10.0% shorter (very large effect) than in previously published literature in elite runners at similar speeds, alongside an 8.9% lower oxygen cost (very large effect). These results provide evidence to hypothesise that the short ground contact times may contribute to the exceptional running economy of Kenyan runners.     

论我国近代癸卯学制时期体育课程的主要内容与特征

我国近代体育课程以癸卯学制的颁布实施为开端,正式登上历史舞台。癸卯学制时期是我国近代教育的起步时期,也是我国体育课程走向近代化的关键一步。笔者对癸卯学制时期清朝政府颁布的钦定学堂章程(未实施)和奏定学堂章程中所规定的有关体育课程的内容做了论述,并着重分析探讨了癸卯学制时期体育课程的主要特征。     

论我国体育的发展趋势——1996～2010年体育的战略任务

党和国家确定,从１９９６～２０１０年,我国体育工作的首要战略任务,是开展群众性的体育活动,提高全民族身体素质,把１２亿人民的体质搞上去。为此,必须把体育工作的重点真正地转移到增强人民体质上来;其次是提高运动技术水平,逐渐实行竞技体育运行机制和管理体制向社会化、产业化的根本转变。