Knowledge flows and bases in emerging economy innovation systems: Brazilian research 2005–2009

This article considers the role of domestic knowledge capabilities for developing countries and emerging economies, and in particular in the build-up of their national systems of innovation. Using bibliometric methods, we describe the geographic sources of knowledge and the users of Brazilian research in 2005–2009, and analyze the roles of domestic and foreign knowledge bases in it. Our results suggest that increasing reliance on domestic sources of knowledge is a feature of Brazil's improved science and technology capabilities. The ascendancy of Brazil's research informs us about the unfolding re-organization of global research, too, underlining nascent South-South knowledge flows, the prevailing relevance of EU research, and the relative decline of US research for Brazilian knowledge creation.     

Adaptive output feedback neural network control of uncertain non-affine systems with unknown control direction

This paper deals with the problem of adaptive output feedback neural network controller design for a SISO non-affine nonlinear system. Since in practice all system states are not available in output measurement, an observer is designed to estimate these states. In comparison with the existing approaches, the current method does not require any information about the sign of control gain. In order to handle the unknown sign of the control direction, the Nussbaum-type function is utilized. In order to approximate the unknown nonlinear function, neural network is firstly exploited, and then to compensate the approximation error and external disturbance a robustifying term is employed. The proposed controller is designed based on strict-positive-real (SPR) Lyapunov stability theory to ensure the asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system. Finally, two simulation studies are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed scheme.     

质量安全惩罚下生鲜食品零售商最优策略研究

将生鲜食品质量惩罚额及其惩罚概率作为外生变量,并考虑了两种不同惩罚额度的方式,同时引入生鲜食品质量特征函数,建立了零售商不实行促销价格、实行一次性促销价格和多次促销价格三种不同情况下的预期利润优化模型。结果表明生鲜食品的初始质量水平、销售时间的上限、质量衰减速度以及实行促销的时间点对最优价格和利润都有不同的影响效应。提出了零售商适时采取适当促销决策等建议。     

产业组织模式与食品质量安全——基于水产品的多案例解读

以产业组织新视角,基于未经历产业质量安全危机的水产品行业,融合公共经济学和产业经济学理论,解读产业组织模式对水产品质量安全的作用机理与调控层面,采用多案例研究解构质量安全约束条件下成功产业组织模式的依存情境、利益联结机制、激励约束策略、政府定位要素组合,为食品质量安全问题提供新的解决方案。     

数字鸿沟视角下社会图书馆系统用户感知差异性实证研究

百度产品如百度知道、百度百科、百度文库等是基于Web2.0应用的知识共享平台,用户不仅可以搜寻知识,而且可以贡献知识,被认为是重要的社会图书馆系统。本文结合数字鸿沟,探讨用户对百度产品易用性（能力鸿沟）和有用性（产出鸿沟）的感知差异,旨在推动社会图书馆系统的健康发展。首先进行量表设计;然后基于量表搜集数据;再针对数据进行分析,包括测量模型有效性检验、易用性和有用性的频数统计及相关分析;结合数据分析,用图的方式展现了用户在感知差异性上的分布状态,发现能力鸿沟和产出鸿沟之间存在高度相关性。     

基于城镇化视角的省域粮食安全研究——以江苏省为例

以城镇化为视角,探讨了城镇化发展与粮食安全的关系。将城镇化细分为人口、土地、经济和消费四个方面,构建城镇化发展评价指标,采用熵权法与多元回归相结合的方法,对江苏省2001-2012年的数据进行了实证分析,结果表明经济城镇化与人口城镇化对粮食安全具有促进作用,而土地城镇化与消费城镇化对粮食安全具有不同程度的负面作用,特别是土地城镇化负面作用较为明显。因此,对稀缺土地的科学使用显得至关重要。城镇化与粮食安全的分析结果更加表明,合理的制度安排是确保二者协同发展的重要保障。通过偏向农业的制度安排,合理控制土地使用,引导居民消费习惯,促进城镇化平衡发展,就不会出现大的粮食安全隐患。     

某任务管理计算机航电系统测试与研究

为了解决某机载任务管理计算机航电系统测试设备对故障的快速定位及故障诊断、隔离问题,对机载计算机航电测试设备的系统结构、硬件、软件进行了分析,阐述了系统测试设备的设计思想及实现方法,最后通过对机载任务管理计算机各模块故障模拟、数据分析,对测试系统设备进行了评价,验证了某机载任务管理计算机测试设备设计的合理性和可靠性,为机载计算机测试系统设计、研发、故障隔离诊断提供借鉴和参考。     

一般企业消防系统简介

本文介绍了一般企业中最常见的消防系统的构成和工作原理,包括火灾自动报警系统、火灾探测器的种类、自动喷水灭火系统、消火栓系统和消防控制室等。     

Provider fairness across continents in collaborative recommender systems

When a recommender system suggests items to the end-users, it gives a certain exposure to the providers behind the recommended items. Indeed, the system offers a possibility to the items of those providers of being reached and consumed by the end-users. Hence, according to how recommendation lists are shaped, the experience of under-recommended providers in online platforms can be affected. To study this phenomenon, we focus on movie and book recommendation and enrich two datasets with the continent of production of an item. We use this data to characterize imbalances in the distribution of the user–item observations and regarding where items are produced (geographic imbalance). To assess if recommender systems generate a disparate impact and (dis)advantage a group, we divide items into groups, based on their continent of production, and characterize how represented is each group in the data. Then, we run state-of-the-art recommender systems and measure the visibility and exposure given to each group. We observe disparities that favor the most represented groups. We overcome these phenomena by introducing equity with a re-ranking approach that regulates the share of recommendations given to the items produced in a continent (visibility) and the positions in which items are ranked in the recommendation list (exposure), with a negligible loss in effectiveness, thus controlling fairness of providers coming from different continents. A comparison with the state of the art shows that our approach can provide more equity for providers, both in terms of visibility and of exposure.     

基于CAS理论我国生物医药产业创新集群演化动力机制研究

研究我国生物医药产业创新集群演化动力机制,为促进我国生物医药产业创新能力提升提供决策依据。运用复杂适应系统理论模型,分析生物医药创新集群的聚集、非线性、流、多样性特征与标识机制、内部模型机制和积木机制。在此基础上建立生物医药创新集群演化机制的回声模型,运用不完全信息下的重复静态博弈分析主体互动作用,并运用涌现模型分析系统涌现机制。生物医药产业创新集群是复杂适应系统,具备其所有特征;创新集群主体通过流空间网络实现交互学习并适应性调整自身行为;通过交互学习,创新集群主体产生了与其他主体合作创新的可能性,但是否真正实现合作创新取决于主体间竞争合作博弈的结果;涌现推动生物医药产业创新集群演化发展。涌现包括知识涌现和创新网络的涌现,通过涌现创新集群产生新的更优的系统功能和结构,可实现生物医药产业创新集群的可持续发展。