当代欧洲足球强队在比赛中的防守行为研究

足球比赛中防守水平的高低往往决定着比赛的胜负.欧洲足球防守水平代表着世界足球发展的潮流与方向.在比赛中,他们以组织防守队形的方式展开整体和局部的防守行为;在不同场区内都表现出通过整体性和主动性加强防守效果的战术目的;在整体防守条件下,断球是最主要的个人防守行为方式;他们是当今成熟和完善的"逼迫式整体防守"打法的代表.     

British citizenship,gender and migration: the containment of cultural differences and the stratification of belonging

Debates about integration, British values and identity, who can belong and who can become a citizen, have been fuelled by concerns about growing cultural diversity in the United Kingdom. To promote a shared sense of national identity and claim a universal and normative citizen subject, the UK government, along with many other western nations, has introduced compulsory citizenship and language testing. This article traces and critiques the evolution of the British citizenship test since its introduction in 2005 and argues that the regime fails to recognise the gendered and segmented nature of migration, and functions as a silent and largely invisible mechanism of civic stratification and control. Drawing on Home Office data, it is argued that citizenship testing enables the government to cherry pick migrants who conform to an idealised citizen subject, while containing cultural difference by excluding others, particularly women, who are tolerated but remain symbolic non-citizens.     

How mothers mediate the social integration of their children conceived of forced marriage within the Lord's Resistance Army

This article aims to understand how formerly abducted young mothers mediate the social integration of their children conceived of forced marriage and sexual violence within the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) in northern Uganda. Interviews and photographic methods were used in six Internally Displaced Persons Camps in northern Uganda. This article draws on data derived from ten mothers of thirteen children who were conceived in the LRA, five boys and eight girls. The analytic approach used was Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (Smith & Osborn, 2008). The analysis identified turning points of sites of action where young formerly abducted mothers used diverse strategies to support the reintegration of their children born or conceived within the LRA. Six key turning points are identified, these are (a) participating in rituals and ceremonies, (b) naming, (c) adapting to changing family structures, (d) responding to discrimination against boys (e) managing disclosure and (f) sharing positive memories and identities. Formerly abducted young mothers mediate the social integration of their children by engaging in strategies to support and foster their wellbeing and social relationships. However, the contexts in which they are operating are highly constrained and the relational identities of children born in the LRA are fluid and potentially insecure within communities of return. Implications for policy and programming are discussed.     

从英国圈地运动看城市化

在15世纪末~18世纪末的英国圈地运动中涌现出大量的失地农民,没有了生产资料的他们被排挤出农业生产领域,无奈之下他们向城市迁移。然而,迁入城市的他们真的被城市所包容、所接纳、所同化了吗？事实并不见得如此。从城市化的各方面分析,很难证明圈地运动产生的农村移民对英国城市化进程有实质性的推进。     

清代汉族移民与鄂尔多斯行政体制重构

清代自康熙中叶后,内地人民开垦蒙地的禁令松弛,在鄂尔多斯逐渐形成了一个汉族移民群体。为解决汉族移民管辖问题,鄂尔多斯的行政体制发生调整与重构。这种调整与重构分为两个层面,即蒙旗在其内部设置相关组织、人员,国家设置相关职官。汉族移民与鄂尔多斯蒙旗的融合,以及鄂尔多斯行政体制的重构,都体现了历史发展的大趋势,但由于"阶级"和"时代"的局限,也存在着各种矛盾与问题。     

论我国民事诉讼证人证言制度的完善

证人证言历来是重要的诉讼证据种类之一,在诉讼中具有十分重要的地位,也是我国民事诉讼法规定的七种的证据形式之一。但在我国的民事诉讼实践中,证人证言制度暴露出了若干的问题,影响了证人证言在民事诉讼中作用的发挥。究其原因,既有理念上的落后,也有立法和司法上的不足,还有社会环境的原因。如何完善我国民事诉讼证人证言制度,使其在民事诉讼活动中发挥更大的作用,这是当前需要思考和亟待解决的一个问题。     

Cultural Networks and Social Inclusion of Migrants in Europe: Heritage,ICT, and Participatory Governance

Column Editor's Notes

The “Digital Heritage: Spotlight on Europe” column examines technological advances internal and external to cultural institutions. The digital shift changed radically how cultural heritage is made, disseminated, distributed, accessed, consumed, and monetized. One of the most important revolutions is that the user's role changed dramatically, shifting from passive observers to active participants and content producers with many new and exciting opportunities for engagement, creative use, and access. The strength of the column is its broad, international focus, and contributors are encouraged to explore issues and recent advances in digital heritage theories, methodologies, standards relevant to the European region, as well as the larger, global audience.     

浅谈对证人特权与豁免制度问题的思考

随着人们权利意识不断增强以及我国刑事诉讼法进一步发展,证人特权与豁免制度显得越来越重要,基于人们维护正常的社会秩序,避免因某些证人证言使其他较为重要的社会关系价值遭受侵害,各个国家相继规定了一些特殊身份的人享有作证豁免权,其做法彰显了法律对人性的考量,为更好地维护社会道德与伦理秩序,更好地实现法律的价值和目的,提供了强有力的保障与支撑,因此我们有必要排除这类人作为证人的资格,建立专门的证人特权与豁免制度。     

我国甲A女排后排进攻战术运用效果的分析

后排进攻战术包括用立体进攻和后排强攻.对我国2001-2002年度甲A女排联赛后排进攻战术运用情况的统计分析表明:我国A女排后排进攻战术的组成率高于前排进攻战术的组成率;后排进攻战术中,立体进攻战术的直接扣死率高于前排快攻掩护攻的直接扣死率,后排强攻的直接扣死率高于前排强攻的直接扣死率;而我国甲A女排后排进攻战术的使用率却远低于世界女排强队.提高后排进攻战术的运用率与战术质量,是提高我国甲A女排竞技能力水平的重要途径.     

论20世纪30年代东三省关内移民

1931年“九.一八”事变后,日本侵略者在东北实行了限制关内人口入境的政策,关内移民出关受阻,人口数量骤减,至1937年达到了最低点,正常的人口流动被迫中断。这一时期移民的数量、人口结构(性别、年龄、职业)、地域分布、居留年限、迁移过程等方面与1931年之前迥然不同,呈现出新的特点。30年代的移民运动被纳入了日本侵略者的战争轨道,其发展随着日本侵华政策的变化而变化。