基于顾客需求视角的竞争战略类型研究

迈克尔.波特提出了竞争战略三种基本类型之后,学者围绕竞争战略类型问题提出了各种划分方法。本文基于顾客价值诉求的视角提出了二维竞争战略模型,根据成本和差异两个维度将竞争战略划分为三大类九种模式。     

基于训练集划分的随机森林算法

本文提出了一种基于训练集划分的随机森林算法。该算法首先将多数类划分为多个不相交子集。然后将每个子集与少数类合并,进行决策树的训练。最后根据平均加权策略构建随机森林,并获取最终的分类规则。本文所提方法避免了原始样本信息的损失,而且保持了子分类器的样本平衡。在人工生成数据集上的仿真实验表明本文方法非常有效。     

纤维素生物功能材料的种类及应用

纤维素是自然界中最丰富的可再生资源,广泛应用于生产生活诸多领域。文章简单介绍了纤维素性质结构、原料来源,并着重介绍其功能化过程,功能材料与生物功能材料的种类,以及在各行各业中的应用,展示了其广阔的发展前景。     

森林康养旅游产品开发研究

森林康养旅游对经济发展具有明显的促进作用。目前我国森林康养旅游发展面临资源整合不足、品牌特色不鲜明、体系不完善、定位不准、创新不够和专业人才欠缺等问题。建议采取加强生态系统保护、强化法制建设,科学规划开发、完善配套设施,找准方向目标、准确定位市场,打造好品牌,加大教育宣传和人才引进力度等措施,促进森林康养旅游业可持续发展。     

五河方言合音词初探

五河方言中的合音词有四种构成类型,其中以动词类和代词类合音词为主。通过对每个合音词的来源和用法的具体描写,为进一步了解五河方言中合音词的特点及形成规律提供一定的材料支持。     

Quantifying risk associated with clinical trial termination: A text mining approach

Clinical trials that terminate prematurely without reaching conclusions raise financial, ethical, and scientific concerns. Scientific studies in all disciplines are initiated with extensive planning and deliberation, often by a team of highly trained scientists. To assure that the quality, integrity, and feasibility of funded research projects meet the required standards, research-funding agencies such as the National Institute of Health and the National Science Foundation, pass proposed research plans through a rigorous peer review process before making funding decisions. Yet, some study proposals successfully pass through all the rigorous scrutiny of the scientific peer review process, but the proposed investigations end up being terminated before yielding results. This study demonstrates an algorithm that quantifies the risk associated with a study being terminated based on the analysis of patterns in the language used to describe the study prior to its implementation. To quantify the risk of termination, we use data from the clinicialTrials.gov repository, from which we extracted structured data that flagged study characteristics, and unstructured text data that described the study goals, objectives and methods in a standard narrative form. We propose an algorithm to extract distinctive words from this unstructured text data that are most frequently used to describe trials that were completed successfully vs. those that were terminated. Binary variables indicating the presence of these distinctive words in trial proposals are used as input in a random forest, along with standard structured data fields. In this paper, we demonstrate that this combined modeling approach yields robust predictive probabilities in terms of both sensitivity (0.56) and specificity (0.71), relative to a model that utilizes the structured data alone (sensitivity = 0.03, specificity = 0.97). These predictive probabilities can be applied to make judgements about a trial's feasibility using information that is available before any funding is granted.     

福州市生态旅游资源分类调查及特征分析

生态旅游是21世纪增长最快的旅游形式之一,是旅游业可持续发展的有效方式,其生态性与旅游相结合的特殊形式,正吸引着越来越多的旅游者的关注和热衷。试以福州市为例,对福州市所拥有的生态旅游资源进行调查和分析,总结出福州市较有特色的山岳森林、海滨湿地、温泉地热以及休闲农业四类生态旅游资源,并提出了福州市生态旅游资源在种类、品质、空间分布以及生态保护等方面的特色,以期能够对福州市生态旅游发展提供一些参考。     

五四“问题小说”中的家长形象——以冰心、庐隐、王统照、叶绍钧等为例

五四时期的＂问题小说＂是我国现代文学史上的重要潮流,是研究中国现代小说发展史的重要一环。在五四运动从高潮到落潮的这段时间,以冰心、庐隐、叶绍钧、王统照等为代表的＂问题小说＂作家通过其小说创作,表达了对人生问题和社会问题的深切思考。以五四＂问题小说＂中的家长形象为切入点,将小说中的家长形象进行了类型划分。在细致的文本分析中梳理和分析家长形象在五四＂问题小说＂中的独特作用及其背后的文化意蕴。透过这一新的视角能够更好地理解五四时期＂问题小说＂的内涵和价值。     

Exercise performance and cardiovascular health variables in 70-year-old male soccer players compared to endurance-trained,strength-trained and untrained age-matched men

Abstract

The aim was to investigate performance variables and indicators of cardiovascular health profile in elderly soccer players (SP, n = 11) compared to endurance-trained (ET, n = 8), strength-trained (ST, n = 7) and untrained (UT, n = 7) age-matched men. The 33 men aged 65–85 years underwent a testing protocol including measurements of cycle performance, maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max) and body composition, and muscle fibre types and capillarisation were determined from m. vastus lateralis biopsy. In SP, time to exhaustion was longer (16.3 ± 2.0 min; P < 0.01) than in UT (+48%) and ST (+41%), but similar to ET (+1%). Fat percentage was lower (P < 0.05) in SP (–6.5% points) than UT but not ET and ST. Heart rate reserve was higher (P < 0.05) in SP (104 ± 16 bpm) than UT (+21 bpm) and ST (+24 bpm), but similar to ET (+2 bpm), whereas VO₂max was not significantly different in SP (30.2 ± 4.9 ml O₂ · min^?1 · kg^?1) compared to UT (+14%) and ST (+9%), but lower (P < 0.05) than ET (?22%). The number of capillaries per fibre was higher (P < 0.05) in SP than UT (53%) and ST (42%) but similar to ET. SP had less type IIx fibres than UT (?12% points). In conclusion, the exercise performance and cardiovascular health profile are markedly better for lifelong trained SP than for age-matched UT controls. Incremental exercise capacity and muscle aerobic capacity of SP are also superior to lifelong ST athletes and comparable to endurance athletes.     

不同信号调节肌纤维类型转换的研究

通过文献综述法对不同信号调节肌纤维类型转换进行综述,结果表明：不同信号调节肌纤维类型转换作用机理是不同的;STIMI、FOXOI调节肌纤维类型转换,不具备导向性;而AIMPI、PGC-IQ促进II型向I型肌纤维转换,具有导向性;但肌纤维类型转换机制尚未阐释清楚还有待进一步进行研究。