推进物质流和社会经济代谢研究,助力实现联合国可持续发展目标

实现联合国可持续发展目标的进度评估和路径选择,依赖于相关指标的定量评价及对社会经济和自然环境系统耦合关系的刻画。物质流和社会经济代谢分析方法基于质量守恒和生命周期思想,可以深刻地描述物质存量动态变化及其与流量的关系,分析资源和产品贸易及其对区域物质循环的影响,理解不同资源在生产与消费过程中的耦合与冲突关系。社会经济系统中物质代谢的分析和调控,是实现可持续发展的重要前提,也有助于绿色经济、循环经济、低碳经济等可持续发展战略的顺利实施。文章介绍了物质流和社会经济代谢分析方法的基本框架,并通过具体案例展示其如何用于分析全球、国家和产业可持续发展中的中长期资源、能源和气候挑战及相应的对策,从而助力实现联合国2030年可持续发展目标。在此基础上,提出了推进中国物质流和社会经济代谢研究的若干建议。     

不同信息条件下新型研发机构形成和作用机理研究——基于创新驱动发展的视角

以创新驱动发展为研究视角,界定承载研发创新功能的新型研发机构的内涵和形成动因,研究不同信息条件下新型研发机构的作用机理。通过建立数理分析模型发现,在完全信息条件下,通过组织间合作建立新型研发机构,各参与方能够获得经济收益和非经济收益,即使在没有经济收益的极端情况下,参与方也可以获得非经济收益,如学习能力、创新能力、管理能力的提升。在不完全信息条件下,创新研发风险越高,通过各方合作建立新型研发机构,获得的研发创新收益越大。并提出相关建议,以提高新型研发机构的创新能力。     

江苏省高技术产业人才需求预测研究——基于改进的新陈代谢GM(1,1)模型

利用改进的新陈代谢GM(1,1)模型,借助MATLAB对江苏省高技术产业2016—2020年的人才总量进行灰色预测,并与通过模型预测出的广东、浙江省的高技术产业的人才总量进行对比。建模结果表明,改进的新陈代谢GM(1,1)模型的预测精度比常规模型提高了将近50%,也比新陈代谢GM(1,1)模型和背景值优化模型精度高。预测结果表明,"十三五"末江苏省高技术产业人才总量约为2 549 424人,位于广东之后;人才年均增速约为0.5%,位于浙江、广东之后。     

中国科技期刊国际影响力提升计划实施效果与分析

【目的】 通过大量数据和实例总结分析中国科技期刊国际影响力提升计划第一期和第二期项目所取得的资助成效,为科学启动第三期及未来相关期刊资助项目提供参考。【方法】 采用2012—2017年《期刊引证报告》和《中国学术期刊国际引证年报》的指标数据,较系统地探讨了一期和二期项目资助的科技期刊的学术影响力变化情况,并在深入比较的基础上总结分析变动原因和期刊指标增幅平均值提升情况。【结果】 经过6年的实施,入选两期项目的大部分期刊学术水平均有不同程度提升,影响因子和总被引频次的增幅平均值分别为66.71%和51%,国际影响力和显示度明显改善。【结论】 我国高水平英文科技期刊基本进入支持范围,两期项目总体成效初显,对我国英文科技期刊国际影响力的提升具有重要推动作用。希望国家有关部门进一步优化资助机制,不断完善资助效果,为打造更多国际一流科技期刊提供有力支持。     

Evaluating R&D investment efficiency in China's high-tech industry

Research and development (R&D) investment activity plays a crucial role in developing high-tech industries. In recent decades, China has made sustained investments in its domestic high-tech industries, with the goal of increasing their productivity. This paper investigates the effect of this investment on relative R&D efficiency across China's high-tech sectors. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was used to generate quantitative indices for sector comparisons. The analysis of this study indicates that overall R&D investment efficiency did not increase from 1998 to 2009, despite R&D expenditure increasing by 2188%. Over the same period, most sectors suffered from decreasing returns to scale (DRS), presumably also reflecting the inefficient R&D investment. Most of the sectors showed significant fluctuation on R&D investment efficiency. This research result indicates that the problem of China's high-tech industry may be from the inefficiency of its technology commercialization processes, and therefore represents a critical parameter for policy makers and managers.     

和谐社会视野下竞技体育职业道德的探究

分析探讨了竞技体育职业道德问题的五个成因,即社会转型期道德环境的影响、研究不深和教育不到位、商业化和职业化的冲击、评价机制缺失、法制建设的滞后;提出了竞技体育职业道德问题的五个对策,即营造良好的道德环境、加强研究和教育、正确引导商业化和职业化、健全激励和评价机制、完善相关法律法规。     

基于二次插值的GM(1,1)模型在用电量预测中的应用

江苏省是东部沿海地区经济发展较快的省份,对电力的需求很大,用电量预测十分重要。文章从江苏省电力资源需求现状入手,以江苏省大量的历史数据作为分析基础,利用二次Lagrange插值方法改进传统灰色GM(1,1)预测模型背景值,避免了Runge现象,达到提高预测精度的目的,并通过实例验证了该方法的有效性。     

关于Moore-Penrose逆的若干性质

给出了Moore-Penrose逆的定义及Moore-Penrose逆的几个特殊性质.     

ISSR markers based on GA and AG repeats reveal genetic relationship among rice varieties tolerant to drought, flood, or salinity

Drought,flood,salinity,or a combination of these limits rice production.Several rice varieties are well known for their tolerance to specific abiotic stresses.We determined genetic relationship among 12 rice varieties including 9 tolerant to drought,flood,or salinity using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers.Based on all markers,the nine tolerant varieties formed one cluster distinct from the cluster of three control varieties.The salt-tolerant varieties were closest to two flood-tolerant varieties,and together they were distinct from the drought-tolerant varieties.(GA)8 YG was the most informative primer,showing the highest polymorphic information content (PIC) and resolving power (Rp).The drought-,flood-,and salt-tolerant varieties grouped in three distinct clusters within the group of tolerant varieties,when (GA)8 YG was used.Sabita was the only exception.The two aus varieties,Nagina22 and FR13A,were separated and grouped with the drought-and flood-tolerant varieties,respectively,but they were together in dendrograms based on other primers.The results show that ISSR markers associated with (GA)8 YG delineated the three groups of stress-tolerant varieties from each other and can be used to identify genes/new alleles associated with the three abiotic stresses in rice germplasm.     

Evaluation of pelvic lymph node coverage of conventional radiotherapy fields based on bony landmarks in Chinese cervical cancer patients using CT simulation

ncer. CT simulation may be a feasible technique for planning pelvic fields optimally and individually.