英语中的委婉语的构成手段

委婉语是语言使用中人们协调人际关系的一个重要手段，也是人类语言中的一种普遍的语言现象。委婉借助于语音、语法、语用、语义等手段构成，非常得体地表达生活中的那些使人尴尬、令人不快或使人恐惧的事物，本文则主要介绍委婉语的构成手段。     

Valuation struggles over pricing – determining the worth of wind power

Public policies such as feed-in tariffs have been widely introduced to stimulate the development of renewable energies, and sustain a decarbonisation of the electricity sector. Proponents argue that these governance instruments safeguard public goods such as the climate – yet they are accused of creating political markets, and political prices, here understood as market distortion. This paper studies the ‘politics’ of pricing by following the adoption of the first feed-in tariff in France. Pricing as a way of achieving non-economic ends, such as climate mitigation, brings the values of several public goods into play, all the while prompting a translation of these values into a single price. Following the struggles over the pricing of wind power in the early 2000s, the study illustrates that rather than a pollution of the market sphere by that of politics, a politics of pricing can be observed in four distinct struggles: namely the framing of the public interest; valuation as the articulation of the future; the possible agencies of governance; and role of valuation methods and calculations.     

民族因素与渤海政权的建立

在渤海政权建立的过程中,民族因素发挥了不可替代的作用,高句丽文化特别是中原先进文化的强烈影响、契丹贵族发动的营州之乱、黑水靺鞨扩张势头的受挫、后突厥汗国崛起后对辽西走廊交通的控制,为渤海政权的建立创造了有利条件并提供了机会。     

信息时代与高校德育工作

信息化时代，高校德育要不断创新发展，注重“道德力”的提高，注重培养大学生健全的人格，培养全面发展的具有丰满个性的高素质人才。     

‘The Sole Anti-Democratic Federation in the Entire Olympic Movement’: Early International Association of Athletics Federations Development Initiatives Between Commercialization and Democratization, 1974–1987

Abstract

Studies on the development of Olympic Solidarity as a tool of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to enable National Olympic Committees of developing countries access to resources and influence in the Olympic Movement exist. However, historical scholarship has relatively neglected the development of aid programs by International Federations to explain how they made use of resources to gain influence in international sport politics. Based on extensive multi-national and multi-lingual archival research in the archives of the International Association of Athletics Federation (IAAF) and the German Sport University Cologne, this article explores the establishment and development of the IAAF‘s Technical Aid Program, which had been installed in 1974. Referencing a large amount of previously unknown protocols and written correspondence, the paper critically discusses the IAAF‘s development activities in light of two parallel occurring processes that shaped the federation’s character in the 1970s and 1980s decisively: its increasing commercialization and its path towards democratization in its voting system. It is argued that the IAAF development programs served as a tool to enforce commercial and sport political interests whilst the nature of support remained without clear guidance until the mid-1980s.     

Determining optimal cadence for an individual road cyclist from field data

The cadence that maximises power output developed at the crank by an individual cyclist is conventionally determined using a laboratory test. The purpose of this study was two-fold: (i) to show that such a cadence, which we call the optimal cadence, can be determined using power output, heart-rate, and cadence measured in the field and (ii) to describe methodology to do so. For an individual cyclist's sessions, power output is related to cadence and the elicited heart-rate using a non-linear regression model. Optimal cadences are found for two riders (83 and 70 revolutions per minute, respectively); these cadences are similar to the riders’ preferred cadences (82–92?rpm and 65–75?rpm). Power output reduces by approximately 6% for cadences 20?rpm above or below optimum. Our methodology can be used by a rider to determine an optimal cadence without laboratory testing intervention: the rider will need to collect power output, heart-rate, and cadence measurements from training and racing sessions over an extended period (>6 months); ride at a range of cadences within those sessions; and calculate his/her optimal cadence using the methodology described or a software tool that implements it.     

心理学视域下校园欺凌的形成机理及对策

校园欺凌是国内外中小学中普遍存在的现象,从心理学角度考察其成因、探索相应干预措施有着重要意义。有关欺凌事件直接参与者的研究表明:部分欺凌者存在一定程度的反社会行为或认知特征,欺凌行为也是青春期个体获取、维护社会支配地位的一种手段;某些"另类"特征、情绪和社会交往问题会让儿童青少年成为易受欺凌的对象;欺凌和受欺凌都可能导致个体情绪、行为等方面的适应障碍,其不良影响甚至会延续相当长的时间;欺凌-受欺凌者是最不稳定的一类角色,兼具欺凌者与受欺凌者两者的缺点,适应状况通常最差。班级内的同伴生态、旁观者的行为和朋友关系都会影响欺凌事件的发生几率及所导致的后果。某些家庭和父母特征也是与欺凌行为联系密切的危险性或保护性因素。积极的师生关系有助于减少欺凌事件的发生,也能对其后果起到缓冲作用。但缺乏培训的父母和教师,通常无法及时准确地识别欺凌事件并做出有效应对。当前教育实践中,可以有效防控校园欺凌的措施大致可以划分为两类;一是面向特定相关群体的单水平干预,二是要求学生、家长、教职员工等都要参与其中的多水平干预。     

我党老一辈革命家从爱国主义者成长为共产主义者的道路

20世纪20年代，我党老一辈无产阶级革命家实现了从爱国主义者到共产主义者的转变。其道路是：关心国事，研究国情是转变的必要前提；追求真理，追求光明是转变的动力。勤奋学习，刻苦钻研为转变锻造了知识基础；注重修养，锐意进取为转变锻造了思想品质基础。     

基于VPN技术电力营销系统的设计与实现

介绍了VPN的优势特点、安全技术,并以郴电国际汝城分公司为例,通过对电力信息网络的需求进行分析,提出了电力系统营销网络VPN的解决方案.     

静止无功补偿技术的现状及发展

本文介绍了无功补偿技术的现状，分析了各种无功补偿装置的特点，并从性能上与SVG系统作了比较，最后指出利用静止无功补偿装置实现动态无功功率补偿的研究是电力系统一种新的无功补偿方法。