论美育的超越价值

美育是以＂审美＂为核心的实践体系,内在包含着促进人的＂美感生成＂与审美超越的实践目的观,它以审美体验为途径,以个体的全面发展、自由发展和自主超越为价值旨归,通过培养人的审美意识和审美实践能力,客观上为个体实现＂人的美感生成＂与审美超越准备了实践动力和主体条件。当前的美育实践,需要坚持整体性的观点,从实践基础、实践原则和具体实践策略等方面形成一种＂整体性的影响＂,积极促成美育超越价值的实践转化。     

“冯派”花鼓灯艺术探论

花鼓灯是一种综合性的表演艺术,它不仅整合了歌、舞、戏等多种艺术形式,还揉合了武术与杂技等特殊的技巧性肢体动作。从其艺术形式和表演风格上集聚了我国民间艺术的特点与特色。花鼓灯的起源、发展、流传以淮河流域为主,由于地区性差异形成了具有不同风格的流派。以冯国佩为代表的“冯派”花鼓灯艺术是花鼓灯舞蹈中的一枝奇葩,其形成、发展都具有重要的典型意义。     

第三配置失效及其制度修正

在中国目前的经济转型过程中 ,我们不仅面临着“市场失灵”与“政府失灵”问题 ,而且还面临着日益严峻的第三配置失效问题。本文就中国经济转型中第三配置失效的主要表现、形成机理及其制度修正等问题进行了分析。     

中国工业能源碳排放面板数据估算:1998—2010年

为弥补相关研究对中国工业碳排放估算过于粗略的不足,利用IPCC推荐的碳排放核算方法,基于30个省级行政区和36个两位数细分行业的工业能源消费数据,对1998—2010年中国工业能源碳排放总量、地区工业能源碳排放及工业细分行业能源碳排放进行估算,结果表明:工业能源碳排放占据中国能源碳排放的70%左右,主要集中分布在东部沿海地区(尤其是环渤海地区)和能源开采与加工、金属冶炼、设备制造及化工制品等重化工行业。因此,工业节能减排应考虑行业差异、地区差异及区域比较优势,依据行业与地区差别制定和实施适宜的工业低碳转型战略,推动工业结构优化升级与发展方式转变。     

Comfort assessment of running footwear: Does assessment type affect inter-session reliability?

Assessing comfort of running footwear reliably is challenging. The purpose of this study was to compare the intra-rater reliability between different assessment types, to calculate intra-individual reliability scores and to evaluate the effect of rater selection based on individual reliability scores on group level reliability. Three assessment types: ranking, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and Likert Scale (LS) were provided twice in six separate sessions among 30 participants, who assessed comfort of five shoes after treadmill running. Spearman's rho provided an evaluation of inter-session relative reliability and typical error as a measure of absolute reliability for each assessment type. Ranking (r?=?0.70, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.61–0.78) yielded the highest relative reliability for overall comfort, followed by VAS (r?=?0.67, 95% CI 0.56–0.75) and LS (r?=?0.63, 95% CI 0.52–0.72), with large-scale overlaps of CIs between assessment types. The same order of assessment types was found for the percentage of reliable raters (r?≥?0.7) with 60% in ranking scale, 47% in VAS and 37% in LS. Forming subgroups corresponding to the intra-individual reliability substantially increased group level reliabilities. Based on measures of relative reliability, an extreme reduction in resolution as provided by the ranking from pairwise comparisons seems to be a valuable tool in footwear comfort assessments if assessment time is of minor importance. No preference can be provided for the two investigated rating scales. Besides the assessment type, a selection of the best raters in additional reliability checks seems to be a prerequisite for further comfort-related studies.     

Influence of upright versus time trial cycling position on determination of critical power and W′ in trained cyclists

Body position is known to alter power production and affect cycling performance. The aim of this study was to compare mechanical power output in two riding positions, and to calculate the effects on critical power (CP) and W′ estimates. Seven trained cyclists completed three peak power output efforts and three fixed-duration trial (3-, 5- and 12-min) riding with their hands on the brake lever hoods (BLH), or in a time trial position (TTP). A repeated-measures analysis of variance showed that mean power output during the 5-min trial was significantly different between BLH and TTP positions, resulting in a significantly lower estimate of CP, but not W′, for the TTP trial. In addition, TTP decreased the performance during each trial and increased the percentage difference between BLH and TTP with greater trial duration. There were no differences in pedal cadence or heart rate during the 3-min trial; however, TTP results for the 12-min trial showed a significant fall in pedal cadence and a significant rise in heart rate. The findings suggest that cycling position affects power output and influences consequent CP values. Therefore, cyclists and coaches should consider the cycling position used when calculating CP.     

石膏/蚯蚓粪肥对赤泥团聚体结构稳定性的影响

赤泥是氧化铝工业生产过程中排放的高碱性固体废弃物,迄今尚无经济有效的处置方法。以华中地区某堆场赤泥为研究对象,通过土培实验研究改良剂（石膏、蚯蚓粪肥、石膏+蚯蚓粪肥）对赤泥团聚体稳定性的影响。结果表明：石膏的添加能显著降低赤泥pH,而蚯蚓粪肥能显著增加赤泥有机碳含量。土培60 d时,石膏添加后赤泥pH由10.54降到8.75,蚯蚓粪肥添加后赤泥有机碳含量由3.54 g·kg^-1增加至14.31 g·kg^-1。土培180 d时,石膏、蚯蚓粪肥、石膏+蚯蚓粪肥添加后赤泥水稳性团聚体含量由12.04%分别增加到23.49%、29.24%、33.94%;团聚体平均重量直径由0.15 mm分别增加到0.26、0.30、0.34 mm;可蚀性因子由0.36分别降低到0.31、0.30、0.29。石膏和蚯蚓粪肥的添加促进水稳性团聚体形成,提高赤泥团聚体稳定性。基质改良对赤泥团聚体稳定性的影响效果依次为：石膏+蚯蚓粪肥 > 蚯蚓粪肥 > 石膏。研究结果对赤泥土壤化处置和规模化消纳研究有科学参考意义。     

Maximal heart rate declines linearly with age independent of cardiorespiratory fitness levels

There have been many conflicting observations between the linear or curvilinear decline in maximal heart rate (HR_max) with age. The aim of this study was to determine if linear or curvilinear equations would better describe the decline in HR_max with age in individuals of differing cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) levels. Treadmill cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPX) results from participants (1510 men and 1134 women; 18–76 years) free of overt cardiovascular disease were retrospectively examined using cross-sectional and longitudinal study designs. Participants completing ≥2 CPX with ≥1 year between test dates were included in the longitudinal analysis (325 men and 150 women). Linear and quadratic regressions were applied to age and HR_max for the whole cohort and respective CRF groups (high, moderate, and low, relative to age and gender normative values). To test for differences among linear, quadratic, and polynomial equations, the change in R² (cross-sectional analysis) and Bayesian information criterion (BIC) (longitudinal analysis) from the linear to the more complex models were calculated. The quadratic or polynomial regression in the cross-sectional analysis, marginally improved the variance in HR_max explained by age compared to the linear regression for the whole cohort (0.2%), moderate fit group (0.3%), and low fit group (0.8%). With no improvements in the high fit group. BIC did not improve for any CRF category in the longitudinal analysis. In conclusion, the minimal differences among linear, quadratic, and polynomial equations in the respective CRF groups, emphasizes the use of linear prediction equations to estimate HR_max.     

Intermarriage and imperial subject formation in colonial Taiwan: Shōji Sōichi's Chin-fujin

Abstract

In this article, I analyze the political significance of Shōji Sōichi's Chin-fujin (The wife of Mr. Chen), an intricate story of an interracial family in colonial Taiwan struggling to come to terms with their cultural identifications against the backdrop of political upheavals in the late 1910s to the mid-1930s. The novel was well received in wartime Japan and received a 1943 Greater East Asia Literary Prize. Contemporary critics praised it for depicting the perseverance of a Japanese woman married into a Taiwanese family and for representing a Han-Taiwanese intellectual realistically. Yet it was the political effect of the novel that was appreciated by those who selected it for the prize. Shōji demonstrated how the policy and political discourse of the Japanese empire could be acted out in a site of family life, the site that was regarded as critically important for colonial control. He depicted a Taiwanese elite man, his Japanese wife, and their mixed-blood daughter as trying to transcend the old categorical distinction between metropolitan Japanese and natives of Taiwan and seeking a new unified identity position based on colonial Taiwan. I want to show the repressive nature of the national subject formation outlined in this colonial fantasy.     

皮划艇激流回旋项目的力量测试与评价

我国的皮划艇激流项目力量训练的设备仍是杠铃一类的器械,杠铃虽然是一种行之有效的训练器械,但在训练学界被认为是不符合专项力量训练要求的训练器材。研究表明,只要有有效的测试监控手段,教练员同样能够正确地评价力量训练效果,提高力量训练效率。本文的研究目的是要通过自行研制简单实用的训练测试设备及其力量训练效果评价体系,对皮划艇激流国家队运动员进行力量训练的测试与评价。