优秀散打运动员膝/肘关节等速测试与站位攻防技术分析

采用ISOMED2000等速系统检测优秀散打运动员膝、肘关节肌群的生物力学特征,分析优秀散打运动员站位攻防动作技术.在进攻训练中伸膝关节速度达到300°/s,能充分发挥运动员小腿伸肌群的爆发能力;采用300°/s的速度可以快速屈小腿,有利于运动员快速回防,为再次打击对方在时间上创造了条件;在站位时,膝关节角度保持157.3°～160.1°,小腿屈肌群离心爆发能力强,有利于运动员调整自身的身体姿势,避开对方的快速进攻.在进攻训练中应使肘关节速度达到300°/s,能充分发挥运动员前臂伸肌群的爆发能力.肘关节角度在81°～86°的范围,有利于运动员快速出拳,打击对方.以240°/s的速度屈肘,能充分发挥运动员前臂屈肌群的爆发能力,有利于运动员快速回防.在防守训练中,肘关节角度在78°～85°的范围内,对运动员快速回防,抵御时方快速、重拳的进攻是有利的;肘关节角度在128°～137°的范围内,可远距离隔挡对方,阻击对方的快速进攻.     

高职院校学生体育文化素养的形成

随着基础教育向素质教育的全面转轨,学校体育的地位逐步提高。关注以就业为导向,能力为本位的高职体育教学,注重强化高职学生体育文化素养,全面提高高职学生体育素质能力,是值得高职院校体育工作者探讨的课题。针对高职学生的体育文化素养现状,提出若干实现途径,为提高高职学生的体育文化素养的形成提供参考。     

数理统计教学探讨

本文主要从重视概率论中常见相关分布、数理统计的概念、基本思想和难点四个方面探讨了如何搞好数理统计的教学。     

The Media and Educational Testing: In Pursuit of the Truth or in Pursuit of a Good Story?

The measurement community needs to better understand how to interact with the media to effectively disseminate important findings from educational testing efforts. To this end, the current paper will review media coverage of educational testing and related issues and elaborate on areas of concern and opportunities for improved communication between measurement professionals and the media. Common misinterpretations of test results and measurement concepts will be discussed and suggestions for the clearer presentation and explanation of such information will be offered. Also, practical advice and strategies for handling different types of interactions with the media will be provided. The implications of focusing on this topic in the measurement profession and the inherent public value of this focus are highlighted throughout the paper.     

Within‐High‐School Versus Across‐High‐School Scaling of Admissions Assessments: Implications for Validity and Diversity Effects

Previous research has established that SAT scores and high school grade point average (HSGPA) differ in their predictive power and in the size of mean differences across racial/ethnic groups. However, the SAT is scaled nationally across all test takers while HSGPA is scaled locally within a school. In this study, the researchers propose that this difference in how SAT scores and HSGPA are scaled partially explains differences in validity and subgroup differences. Using a large data set consisting of 170,390 students each of whom matriculated at one of 114 separate colleges, the researchers find that awarding SAT scores by ranking SAT within a high school generally results in substantial reduction in the size of subgroup mean differences for this predictor. However, validity for predicting first‐year GPA is also reduced by a small amount. Conversely, placing HSGPA onto a nationally normed metric through the use of multiple regression procedures results in a moderate increase in the size of subgroup mean differences, while also producing a small increase in validity. Taken together, these findings suggest that differences in predictor scaling can partially explain differences in the size of subgroup mean differences between HSGPA and SAT scores and have implications for predictive power.     

Talking about the test. Boundary work in primary school teachers' interactions around national testing of student performance

There is currently a strong belief in accountability as a policy of action and standardized testing has been implemented in several countries. This article examines tensions that occur in meetings when primary school teachers in Norway discuss national testing, and how these are handled. In particular, tensions revolve around what is seen as internal (teachers' everyday work) and external (policies and practices outside the main frame of teaching). Even though national testing is mainly seen as external to teachers' work, teachers involve in boundary work and reshape professional discourse in order to create relevance and maintain legitimacy following new expectations.     

Evaluating the Comparability of Paper‐ and Computer‐Based Science Tests Across Sex and SES Subgroups

As access and reliance on technology continue to increase, so does the use of computerized testing for admissions, licensure/certification, and accountability exams. Nonetheless, full computer‐based test (CBT) implementation can be difficult due to limited resources. As a result, some testing programs offer both CBT and paper‐based test (PBT) administration formats. In such situations, evidence that scores obtained from different formats are comparable must be gathered. In this study, we illustrate how contemporary statistical methods can be used to provide evidence regarding the comparability of CBT and PBT scores at the total test score and item levels. Specifically, we looked at the invariance of test structure and item functioning across test administration mode across subgroups of students defined by SES and sex. Multiple replications of both confirmatory factor analysis and Rasch differential item functioning analyses were used to assess invariance at the factorial and item levels. Results revealed a unidimensional construct with moderate statistical support for strong factorial‐level invariance across SES subgroups, and moderate support of invariance across sex. Issues involved in applying these analyses to future evaluations of the comparability of scores from different versions of a test are discussed.     

2010年汉语新词语研究——以中国语言文字网公布的497个新词语为分析对象

以2011年5月中国语言文字网公布的497个新词语作为研究对象,采用定量与定性相结合的研究方法,阐述分析新词语在音节长度、结构方式、领域分布、语用价值四个方面所表现出来的显著特点以及它们滋生流行的语言理据,以帮助人们了解、掌握和认识新词语,也为新词语的宏观研究提供切实可靠的编年依据。     

田径运动训练的模糊检验系统之探析

运动员的训练状态是不断变化的。在训练状态发生变化过程中的各个阶段,及时、客观地运用有效的检测手段诊断、掌握运动员所处状态的基本信息,对于顺利组织和有效控制运动训练过程有着重要意义。运用模糊集合理论针对训练过程建立了检验系统。基本实现了对训练状态进行量化诊断,从而为训练过程量化控制提供了直观、准确的依据。     

富血小板血浆在兔下颌骨牵张成骨中的作用

目的 探讨富血小板血浆对兔下颌骨牵张成骨的影响。方法 将24只成年健康白兔随机分为2组，实验组在牵张期注射自体富血小板血浆于牵张间隙中，对照组不注射富血小板血浆。牵张结束后2、4、8周每组各处死4只动物取材，进行骨密度测量、组织学和扫描电镜观察。结果 所有实验动物下颌骨均被成功延长7．0mm，牵张间隙中可见新骨组织生成与改建。同对照组相比，实验组新骨生成与矿化较快，牵张间隙中骨小梁分布密度及成熟度也较高。结论 自体富血小板血浆对兔下颌骨牵张成骨可能有明显的促进作用。