新课程数学学业评价体系的构建与实施

当前我国基础教育评价中仍存在着过于关注结果,忽视被评价者在各个时期的进步状况和努力程度,没有形成真正意义上的形成性评价,不能很好地发挥评价促进发展的功能等问题。其原因主要是仍以传统的纸笔考试为主,仍过多地倚重量化的结果。针对这些问题,应该从采用体现新评价思想的、质性的评价手段与方法入手,以高中数学学业评价为突破口对评价体系的建构、操作方法及评价量表的使用等进行探讨。     

构建突出职业能力的“电工技术”新课程标准

在高职电工技术课堂教学中要树立与职业资格标准相融合的课程改革理念,在课程内容设置上与维修电工国家标准接轨,制定“能力本位”的课程标准,突出过程考核,真正提高学生的职业能力．     

关于大学英语师资培训模式的探讨

我国大学英语师资面临专业与职业发展的需求,有多方面的问题亟需解决.我国师资的现状表明应该采取在职师资培训方式,在校本培训方式的基础上整合教师的自我形成性评价及学校层面的过程性跟踪、监督和激励,从教师,教研室,学校多个层面提供不同的师资教育和提升渠道,才能解决现有大学英语师资所面临的各种矛盾与问题.     

形成性评价对非英语专业大学生英语写作策略的影响

本研究以准实验的形式,将形成性评价应用于大学非英语专业二年级学生的写作教学中,试图探索在具体教学情境中形成性评价的实施对学生英语写作策略的影响。实验结果显示,形成性评价的实施能够促进学生修复策略使用的显著提高,也能促进计划策略中的部分个体策略的明显提高,但提高总体策略使用的效果不明显。实验后,高分组和低分组在各类策略使用频率上均有提高,但提高也不明显。     

Commentary: Evaluating the Validity of Formative and Interim Assessment

In many school districts, the pressure to raise test scores has created overnight celebrity status for formative assessment. Its powers to raise student achievement have been touted, however, without attending to the research on which these claims were based. Sociocultural learning theory provides theoretical grounding for understanding how formative assessment works to increase student learning. The articles in this special issue bring us back to underlying first principles by offering separate validity frameworks for evaluating formative assessment (Nichols, Meyers, & Burling) and newly-invented interim assessments (Perie, Marion, & Gong). The article by Heritage, Kim, Vendlinski, and Herman then offers the most important insight of all; that is, formative assessment is of little use if teachers don't know what to do when students are unable to grasp an important concept. While it is true that validity investigations are needed, I argue that the validity research that will tell us the most—about how formative assessment can be used to improve student learning—must be embedded in rich curriculum and must at the same time attempt to foster instructional practices consistent with learning research.     

Formative computer‐based assessment in higher education: the effectiveness of feedback in supporting student learning

A formative computer‐based assessment (CBA) was one of three instruments used for assessment in a Bachelor of Education course at Queen’s University (Ontario, Canada) with an enrolment of approximately 700 students. The formative framework fostered a self‐regulated learning environment whereby feedback on the CBA was used to support rather than measure student learning. The four types of feedback embedded in the CBA included: (a) directing students to a resource, (b) rephrasing a question, (c) providing additional information and (d) providing the correct answer. Although students originally reported positive experiences with the formative CBA, two follow‐up surveys revealed that they found the four types of feedback to be moderately effective in supporting their learning.     

Reciprocal peer coaching and its use as a formative assessment strategy for first‐year students

Co‐operative learning is underused as a teaching and learning strategy in higher education and yet is ideal for courses that require students to learn skills that require manual dexterity, knowledge and clinical reasoning – key elements of professional and clinical competence. Reciprocal peer coaching (RPC) is a form of co‐operative or peer‐assisted learning that encourages individual students in small groups to coach each other in turn so that the outcome of the process is a more rounded understanding and a more skilful execution of the task in hand than if the student was learning in isolation. Used as a formative assessment strategy, RPC has the capacity to increase motivation in students due to the nature of the shared interdependent goal, and to provide immediate feedback to students on completion of the assessment. The purpose of this research was to interview a group of first‐year students to elicit their perceptions of the RPC process. The data were analysed from a phenomenological perspective and revealed three themes: motivating learning, learning in groups and the context of learning. The findings were subsequently explored in relation to the concept of self‐regulation of learning and the benefits which RPC as a formative assessment strategy has in promoting students’ self‐regulation.     

A review of rubric use in higher education

This paper critically reviews the empirical research on the use of rubrics at the post‐secondary level, identifies gaps in the literature and proposes areas in need of research. Studies of rubrics in higher education have been undertaken in a wide range of disciplines and for multiple purposes, including increasing student achievement, improving instruction and evaluating programmes. While, student perceptions of rubrics are generally positive and some authors report positive responses to rubric use by instructors, others noted a tendency for instructors to resist using them. Two studies suggested that rubric use was associated with improved academic performance, while one did not. The potential of rubrics to identify the need for improvements in courses and programmes has been demonstrated. Studies of the validity of rubrics have shown that clarity and appropriateness of language is a central concern. Studies of rater reliability tend to show that rubrics can lead to a relatively common interpretation of student performance. Suggestions for future research include the use of more rigorous research methods, more attention to validity and reliability, a closer focus on learning and research on rubric use in diverse educational contexts.     

电大开放教育英语教学形成性评价的运用研究

电大教育是我国高等教育的重要组成部分,和普通高等教育相比,它更重视对学员学习成绩的形成性评价。英语教学的最终目的和考核目标都体现在语言运用能力上,所以如何在教学中运用有效的形成性评价体系和方法,对于提高开放英语的教学效果至关重要。     

生态移民政策对农户收入影响机理研究——基于形成型指标的结构方程模型分析

生态移民政策评估是多学科领域的热点问题,而机理研究是其关键环节。本研究通过构建“生态移民政策→生计资本→收入”分析框架,以生计资本为中介变量,选择形成型指标建立结构方程模型分析生态移民政策对收入的影响机理,采用偏最小二乘回归方法估算路径系数,测算生态移民政策对收入的直接效应、间接效应和总效应,验证生态移民政策影响收入作用机理的有效性。陕南和宁夏的生态移民分别是城镇化社区安置和新农村安置的典型,通过实证分析两地生态移民政策作用机理,针对关键生计资本提出优化措施,以增加农户生计资本并长效促进收入提高。研究表明：两种类型的生态移民政策通过人力资本、社会资本、金融资本和物质资本对农户收入均有正向作用,但是影响大小略有区别。陕南地区的生态移民政策通过社会资本改善农户收入的作用最强,人力资本次之,金融资本和物质资本相对较小;宁夏地区的生态移民政策通过金融资本改善农户收入的作用最强,人力资本次之,社会资本和物质资本相对较小,自然资本具有微弱的负向影响。总体而言,生态移民政策的实施能有效促进农户生计资本存量的积累,进而产生稳定可持续的收入流量。