Interference and Inhibition in Cognition and Behavior: Comments on the Commentaries

In our target article (Dempster & Corkill, 1999a) we presented an overview of recent work on interference and inhibition in cognition and behavior. The commentators provided highly informative feedback about a range of implications of this new body of work for educational psychology, including learning disabilities. In our response to the commentators, we reply to two relatively broad topics they touch on: consciousness and the functionalist tradition of American psychology. We also remark on two relatively narrow issues raised by the commentators: what constitutes irrelevant information and perseveration in the missing addend task.     

Putting the “Is for” Back into the Study of Cognition and Behavior: Commentary on “Unifying Themes for Educational Psychology”

Understanding human behavior situated in a classroom context has traditionally been the domain of educational psychology. This rich tradition continues today, but in a fragmented manner. This fragmentation is undoubtedly the result of a number of factors, but two contributing factors that come readily to mind are (a) the demise of grand theories and (b) the increase in multidisciplinary research efforts. In some respects, the former may be a function of the latter. Regardless, multidisciplinary efforts will continue to increase simply due to the complexity of the problems we are addressing. However, the major significance of the Dempster and Corkill paper is the call for unifying themes couched within a biological system that focuses on personal knowledge construction through the process of learning. In many respects this is a clarion call for a reconsideration of the theoretical roots of functionalism from which educational psychology sprang.     

不同情绪效价对返回抑制容量的影响

以往有关返回抑制容量的研究大多采用中性线索,本研究探讨不同情绪效价的线索对返回抑制容量的影响。结果表明,不同情绪效价的线索对返回抑制容量的影响无显著差异,但对其稳定性有一定影响。高兴面孔为线索时,稳定性最高;生气面孔为线索时,稳定性最低。     

绿色水处理剂聚环氧琥珀酸的合成及应用研究

20世纪90年代开发出的绿色水处理剂聚环氧琥珀酸,具有无磷非氮结构和可生物降解等性质,并且兼具缓蚀和阻垢双重性能,目前已成为国内外研究的热点.对聚环氧琥珀酸的结构、性能、合成方法及其在阻垢和缓蚀等方面的应用进行了详细的综述,指出了目前研究中存在的一些问题,并对聚环氧琥珀酸未来的发展提出了一些建议.     

壳聚糖对菘蓝根腐病病原菌抑制作用的研究

从唐山师范学院花房中采集菘蓝根腐病病根并对其进行了病原菌的分离、纯化和鉴定及不同浓度、不同分子量的壳聚糖对菘蓝根腐病病原菌的室内抑菌作用。结果表明：分离纯化得到致病菌经鉴定为半知菌亚门（Deuteromycotina）、丝孢纲（Hyphomycetes）,丛梗孢目（Stilbellales）、瘤座孢科（Tuborculadales）、镰刀属（Fusarium）真菌。在一定浓度范围内,分子量为3KD、50KD的壳聚糖随着浓度的提高,其抑菌效果也逐渐增强,6mg／ml的效果最好;分子量为150KD时,3mg／ml的效果最好;在一定分子量范围内,除0．75mg／ml的浓度外,随着壳聚糖分子量的提高,其抑菌效果也逐渐增强,分子量150KD的效果最好;本试验中,最大抑菌率为61％。     

我国农田土壤酸化调控的科学问题与技术措施

我国南方日趋严重的农田土壤酸化不仅导致农作物大幅度减产甚至绝收,而且促进重金属等有害物质在农产品中吸收累积,威胁国家粮食安全和民众健康。但因酸性土壤分布详情不清,作物酸害阈值不明,土壤酸化预测的研究不足,酸化防治技术严重缺乏,红壤酸化没有得到有效控制。采取有效措施改良酸化农田土壤、遏制土壤的持续酸化,将热带和亚热带地区的土壤酸度维持在较低水平,对我国农业可持续发展和乡村振兴战略的实施具有重要意义。     

高校学生脑力和心力素质培养的体育教学研究

基于体育课增强学生体能素质的特殊地位和作用,旨在探索通过调整体育课程的项目内容,改进教学训练方法,有针对性地提高在校大学生的脑力和心力素质,调理心智健康状态,增强应对各种刺激或挑战的承受能力,为顺利完成学业打下坚实的生物学基础。研究系统分析了大学生脑力和心力素质的主要特点;尝试性地提出了体育课的部分项目内容按其功能进行分类的新方法;并从教学时数、教学方法以及教学效能评估方面,就如何加强脑力和心力素质（尤其是中枢神经抑制力）培养进行了深入讨论。     

略论用电教手段调整学生学习心理

为了帮助学生在课堂学习中保持良好的学习心理状态,教师在运用电教手段时,充分发挥电教媒体的优势。主要有以下几点：一、帮助学生树立信心,克服自卑畏难心理;二、创造条件,满足学生表明自己能够胜任的欲望;三、从平静状态向活跃状态转化;四、从抑制状态向兴奋状态转化;五、有意注意与无意注意的相互转化。只要教师注意并较好地解决了课堂电化教学的运用时机问题,就能充分发挥电教媒体的优势,起到较好的教育教学效果。     

Relationships between cardiorespiratory fitness,inhibition, and math fluency: A cluster analysis

ABSTRACT

This study identified clusters of adolescents who share similar cardiorespiratory fitness levels and analysed the relationships between cardiorespiratory fitness, inhibition, and math fluency in each of the clusters. The subjects were 490 high-school students aged 10–16 years. The mean age was 13.82 years (SD = 1.12). Latent class analysis identified three clusters with high, medium, and low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness. The high-fitness cluster achieved higher scores in inhibition and math fluency than the low-fitness cluster. Path analysis revealed that the influence of cardiorespiratory fitness on inhibition was non-existent in the three clusters. The effect of inhibition on math fluency was positive and significant in all three cardiorespiratory fitness levels. Cardiorespiratory fitness had a direct, positive, and significant effect on math fluency only in the high-fitness cluster. Therefore, a high level of cardiorespiratory fitness is a significant determining factor in the explanation of math fluency. These results indicate that inhibition does not mediate the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and math fluency. However, the benefits of cardiorespiratory fitness affect math fluency, which has important implications for the educational environment and the teaching/learning process.     

穆旦在新中国的诗歌创作及意义

在意识形态话语的压抑下，新中国的穆旦领旦领悟到了生命个体的虚弱与渺小，因此诗人重审自己的生存位置，确认了自我的“小人物”身份，在自动疏离主流话语之后，诗人在诗歌创作中自由表达生命个体对于时代与自我的独特感受，从而在诗歌本中建构起一个独立自足的主体空间。