林肯《葛底斯堡演说》译文比较－－浅谈演讲词的翻译原则

演讲词是一种比较特殊的文体。它既具有书面文体文章的各种特点，又适合口头朗诵。演讲词有其独特待的文体特点，演讲词的解释应遵循相应的翻译原则。比较对林肯《葛底斯堡演说》的两个中译文，结合实际的译例，指出翻译在忠实传达原意的基础上，要做到辞义并举，形神兼备。     

民国时期老子研究风貌管窥--《老子哲学之研究》阅读札记

在民国时期,伴随着中国现代化的进程,西方近现代学术开始大量传入中国,并为中国学术界所接受。随着"哲学"一词及其观念的传入,"老子哲学"研究一词开始频繁出现在民国时期老子研究的各类文章和书籍中,一个不同于封建时代的老子研究范式逐步被确立起来,其中许多观念一直延续至今。从金声这本名不见经传的小册子中,我们能够感受到中西思想强烈撞击的时代背景下老子研究的风貌。     

再论集体经营性建设用地信托之法构造

集体经营性建设用地使用权是一种用益物权,其可转让性得到了新修订的土地管理法的承认,可以成为集体经营性建设用地信托的信托财产。 集体经营性建设用地信托关系中的委托人和受益人都是农民集体。 农民集体作为委托人时,由于不具备我国信托法要求的民事行为能力,所以,农民集体的委托行为往往可以由经过其授权的集体经济组织代理。 集体经营性建设用地信托的受托人一般采取信托机构的形式,并有两种模式可以选择,即由政府出资成立的信托机构和商业信托机构。 前者具有一定的现实意义,而后者代表了受托人未来的发展趋势。     

Unexpected changes of itinerary – adaptive functioning difficulties in daily transitions for adults with autism spectrum disorder

Adaptive functioning skills, also known as adaptive behaviours, refer to a multifaceted concept defined as behaviours necessary for age-appropriate, independent functioning in social, communication, daily living or motor areas. In light of the growing population of children with ASD who will eventually become adults, increased understanding of adaptive functioning during the transition to adulthood is of importance, but current research in this area lacks first-hand evidence presenting adaptive skills difficulties among older adolescents and adults with ASD. This article focuses on adaptive functioning skills in daily transitions for adults with Asperger’s syndrome (AS) or high-functioning autism (HFA). It draws on evidence from 12 interviews with individuals on the autism spectrum age 16–43, and 2 focus groups with 8 family members of people affected by ASD. Particular emphasis is placed on impact of adaptive functioning difficulties on well-being and quality of life for adults with ASD. Grounded theory approach has been used to analyse the gathered data. Interviewees reflected on daily challenges associated with unexpected changes in routine, sensory difficulties and social interactions. These in turn had an impact on their adaptive functioning skills by introducing complications in the process of making transitions between different contexts and decreasing interviewees’ ability to tackle challenges of daily life. Importance placed on societal expectations towards meeting bespoken standards and conforming to norms ruling the structure and interactions of daily life were also widely discussed. Frequently such expectations did not allow for factoring in the developmental nature of ASD and related difficulties, which as a result triggered additional complexity in managing daily transitions for adults on the spectrum. Further research addressing adaptive functioning skills in daily transitions for adults with ASD is needed.     

加强实践环节的铁路线路课程设计探索

线路课程设计是一门综合运用理论和专业知识的实践课程,对工程实际经验依赖性很强。本文分析了目前铁道工程线路课程设计培养现状,论述了加强实践环节的必要性,并开展了加强赴现场模拟踏勘、邀请线路设计专家入校讲解等尝试,以期为类似实践性较强的课程设计提供参考。     

翻译过程论--论翻译的过程与过程的翻译

本文通过对英语语言学一些重要发展阶段的追溯，证明了语言的本质即是过程的反映，并由此得出结论，语言的研究从根本上来讲其实是关于客观世界行为过程(包括静态过程)的研究，只不过由于历史的尘封而被蒙上了一层神秘的面纱。笔者只想通过对它的回顾，还其本来面目，同时也想说明，翻译的过程本身其实是对语言过程中所包含的行为过程的翻译，从而还翻译实践者一个切实可行的理论出路。     

对《沉香屑:第二炉香》的现代解读

在张爱玲的《沉香屑:第二炉香》中,通俗的情节通过精致的比喻和意象而传递出了超越文本的深刻内涵,那就是作者对人性与生命更为深刻的理解——人是孤独的个体,生命是苍凉而无奈的,挣扎是徒劳无益的。     

From the bottom-up: New York City teacher evaluation and the narration of mediated institutional assault

Following the trend of consequential accountability in US public education, New York City introduced a teacher evaluation program during the 2013–2014 school year that linked teachers’ individual performance ratings with their students’ exam scores. As this program systemically alters the nature of teacher–student relationships by transforming students into the means to an end (teachers’ professional viability), this study investigated the implementation of this accountability program from the point of view of the teachers – those who were the subject of this new policy. This study of 15 teachers’ narratives from 3 distinct schools illuminates a social-organizational process that I refer to as mediated institutional assault – a perceived attack on the teachers’ sense of personhood and moral agency perpetrated by mediating figures whose actions were facilitated by bureaucratic policies and institutionally coordinated tools of control. Thus, this study reveals that the consequence of this new mode of accountability is not merely the threat of losing one’s job, but also an insidious form of psychological assault, which in its masked delivery violates teachers’ sense of relational morality and challenges deeply engrained beliefs about their role as educators.     

现代招呼语的变异特征及语用制约

招呼语是言语交际活动的重要组成部分,随着人们文化水平的不断提高,招呼语呈现出时尚化、现代化的特点,与中国传统的招呼语相比,现代招呼语在话题选择和句式选择方面具有开放性、多样性、变异性特点。现代社会,人们的交际活动日益丰富多彩,使用恰当、得体的招呼语显得特别重要。交际活动中,招呼语要受话语构建、话语理解、话语角色、语言环境、民族文化心理等因素的制约和影响。     

Different children’s perspectives on their learning environment

This article reports and discusses findings from an ethnographic case study, aiming to gain a deeper understanding of how different children perceive their learning environment in the first grade of primary school, with regard to social as well as academic aspects. The theoretical framework is based on an interactional perspective, where children’s learning and development are considered to take place in a dynamic and ecological system. The reported results are based on interviews with 16 children, and observed teaching situations during the first year of primary school. Research among children demands special ethical considerations, such as how to avoid questions and interest from the researcher affecting the position of children being vulnerable in some way. The findings show that, within a group of children, facing a similar learning environment, there are significant differences between the experiences expressed. The findings presented support the importance of listening to children when planning educational settings. Listening to and taking into account the children’s different voices is an essential part of research and education that strives for inclusion, learning and well-being of all children.