恐怖主义的经济分析——兼论俄罗斯应对恐怖主义的经验

恐怖主义将伴随21世纪人类社会生活,其滋生与蔓延需要两种资源：一是人力资源,从世界经济视角看＂,贫穷的南方＂和＂富裕的北方＂之间的矛盾对抗是当代世界性问题,从具体民族国家看,那里的管理严重失控;二是金融资源,来自边缘化国家的资助呈下降趋势,可是来自私人或团体的资助和从事地下经济筹款却日益成为主要来源。     

言语行为的中英文化差异及其原因探究

通过综述国内跨文化语用学领域关于言语行为的部分研究,说明我国学习者与本族语者在言语行为实施和言语行为理解两方面的语用系统是不同的。讨论造成这种差异的四个主要原因：推理能力欠缺、语用负迁移、泛化、教材中语用指导不足,并从语言能力、课堂教学和语用意识等方面提出了语用教学建议。     

教师课堂教学语速新思考——从学生工作记忆广度的角度出发

学生工作记忆广度是教师课堂教学语速的重要影响因素之一。教师需要考虑学生工作记忆广度的个体差异而调整语速,使课堂教学效率得以提升。学生言语理解,课堂中的情绪状态以及对课程内容的熟知程度是直接影响学生工作记忆广度的重要课堂因素,教师语速匹配这些间接因素同样可以提高学生的工作记忆广度进而获得更高的课堂学习效率。     

面子理论在外贸英语函电中的应用研究

外贸英语函电贯穿对外贸易活动过程的始末,对国际贸易的顺利开展起着不可或缺的沟通作用,其交际效果直接影响到每一笔国际贸易的成败,有效的面子管理策略因而是对外贸易各环节顺利开展的必要保证。基于布朗和列文森（Brown ＆ Levinson）的面子理论,首先依据利奇言语行为功能分类将对外贸易流程中涉及的主要外贸英语函电划分为和谐类、合作类、竞争类和冲突类四大类别,继而探讨每一类别常用的维护面子策略,以期为外贸英语函电的撰写提供有益的理论指导。     

Promoting children’s participation: the role of teachers in preschool and primary school learning sessions

The aim of this study is to provide insights into the social construction of participation in joint activities in Finnish preschool and primary school classrooms. The article deals with two issues: How do teachers promote participation in a preschool classroom as compared with a primary school classroom? What similarities and differences are found? It also considers the question of how the similarities contribute to the continuity from preschool to primary school in terms of participation. Based on observation data insights are provided into the interactions between teachers and children by using extracts from teacher‐led learning sessions. The teachers used a diversity of strategies to promote participation in both contexts. In the preschool the focus was on participation and interaction as such, whereas in the primary school the emphasis was more clearly on academic learning. The findings suggest that teacher support of active participation and friendly relationships, together with creative and playful activities in the preschool, enrich children’s curiosity, and nourish children’s motivation for and interests in academic learning.     

新时期人民教师师德的内涵和特质

师德,作为一种职业道德,既有一般职业道德的共性,如爱岗敬业、忠于职守等,又有其特殊性,如爱教爱校爱生,勤学勤教勤研,教书育人、管理育人、服务育人,甘为人梯等。在当前,明确新时期师德的内涵和特质,对于广大教师坚定职业理想,加强师德修养,树立甘为人梯、乐于奉献的道德情操,静心教书,潜心育人,为人民教育事业做出更大贡献具有重要意义。     

The reforming trajectory of the Italian educational system. Site‐based management and decentralisation as a challenge for democratic discourse

This article aims to present some tensions embedded in the Italian educational reform, arising both from the enactment of neo‐liberal policies and the possibilities of democratic development opened up by the introduction of schools’ site‐based management and decentralisation. The article uses discourses as heuristic devices and presents two case studies regarding the enactment of policies of educational governance promoted in 2003 by a local authority (the Italian Provincia) and inspired by the democratic discourse. These policies were intended to promote the participation and collaboration of schools and heads in educational planning. It illustrates how the neo‐liberal discourse re‐shaped the Italian educational system and challenged welfarism. At the same time, we also attempt to illustrate the action of cultural path dependencies and the space emerging for a democratic discourse, which could be interpreted both as an alternative to its neo‐liberal counterpart and as an attempt to re‐discover democratic participation and promote more equity‐oriented practices in the educational field. Two different understandings of educational governance and headship seem to emerge. The study underlines how the intertwining of national and local policies inspired by contradicting discourses could result in the spread of competitive practices and consequently in a further differentiation of the educational provision and stratification between schools, or have an egalitarian outcome, where processes of collaboration, collective empowerment and reflexivity are enacted. Our work demonstrates how democratic and collaborative spaces opened up by site‐based management and policies of educational governance implemented at a local level are always at risk, due both to the rise of competitive pressures and the resilience of welfarist discourses and practice.     

《厄舍古屋的倒塌》的文体分析

《厄舍古屋的倒塌》是爱伦·坡著名的恐怖小说之一,是其创作理论的集中体现,他用细腻的笔触渲染了令人窒息的恐怖气氛。为了达到恐怖效果他在遣词造句等方面都别具匠心,使小说中的每一字、每一句都为其要达到的特定效果服务。从词汇、句子、修辞格及叙事角度等层面对该小说进行文体分析是探索其恐怖效果创造的有效手段。     

谈演讲稿写作技巧

演讲稿是演讲者为演讲活动撰写的文稿,其质量的高低直接影响着演讲的成败。除内容本身的因素外,演讲稿的撰写应特别注意把握一些写作技巧。如,采用夹叙夹议的写作方法、注重表达方式的调整变化、巧用不同的句式句型、善用比喻手法等,以求得演讲的有声有色、起伏变化。如此,才能吸引和感染听众,达到良好的演讲效果。     

The influence of school leadership on teachers’ perception of teacher evaluation policy

The understanding of teachers’ perception of new educational policy is crucial since this perception shapes the policy’s implementation. However, quantitative research in this area is scarce. This article draws on empirical data to investigate whether the school leader might influence his teachers’ perception of the new teacher evaluation policy. The conceptualisation of teachers’ perception consists of three policy characteristics: practicality, need and clarifying function. Our results indicate that school leadership influences teachers’ policy perception. More specifically, the structure a school leader provides in a school and the amount of trust teachers have in the school leader have a significant impact on teachers’ perception of the practicality of the new teacher evaluation policy.