两阶段相结合的广义投影类算法

讨论了非线性不等式约束最优化问题，利用一种新的广义投影技术建立问题的一类算法，该算法的初始点可任意选取，且能自动地将初始化和最优化两阶段统一起来。算法不但无需作任何转轴运算，而且只采用ε－约束集内函数梯度确定广义投影阵，方法结构简单，计算量小，具有普遍意义。     

用于计算离散分数阶傅立叶变换的MA-CDFRFT算法改进

基于中心类型DFT矩阵特征分解的MA-CDFRFT(Multiangle Centered Discrete Fractional Fourier Transform)算法在计算一组离散分数阶傅立叶变换DFRFT(Discrete Fractional Fourier Transform)时充分利用FFT运算来减小运算量。结合偶数点离散傅立叶变换DFT(Discrete Fourier Transform)运算的对称性原理，通过数学推导将MA-CDFRFT算法中的一维对称性扩展到频率和变换阶数的二维平面上。利用这个二维对称性原理，改进算法将原算法的主要计算量减小了一半左右。仿真测试结果证明了改进算法的正确性。     

我国居民收入差距:解析与措施

近年来我国居民收入差距不断扩大,收入分配领域中的矛盾也日益突出,成为社会普遍关注的焦点。本文通过分析中国居民收入分配差距的现状,并对造成这种现状的原因进行了解析,最后提出四点政策建议。     

Social exclusion and inequality in higher education in China: A capability perspective

Following calls for further research in education inequality beyond input and output measures, especially with a qualitative approach, and building on the implications of capability deprivation on equality (0375 and 0380), we extend the findings of 0305, 0310, 0315 and 0320 capability approach to higher education (HE). This article employs social exclusion theory as the analytical framework to examine educational inequalities in China posed by the HE admission system in Post-Mao era. This paper is driven by certain key motivations and makes a significant contribution to the extant literature. Firstly, the paper seeks to outline a usable definition of social exclusion in the context of HE enrolment. Following this, 0305, 0310, 0315 and 0320 capability approach is adopted for the first time as a theoretical construct to examine the situation facing HE in China. Sen's approach facilitates an appraisal of the process of exclusion in HE enrolment. The importance of the capability approach is that it allows one to recognize different needs and choices confronting different social groups by distinguishing between different types of social exclusion in this area. Finally, this information is used to evaluate responses which are available to the existing issues within the current Chinese HE enrolment mechanism i.e. that the mechanism is fundamentally flawed and risks reducing, rather than enhancing, capability by excluding certain groups of students from fair competition in terms of access.     

Schooling,masculinity and class analysis: towards an aesthetic of subjectivities

The retreat from social class within the sociology of education has been accompanied by the intensification of socio-economic and cultural inequalities. This paper seeks to draw upon cultural analyses of social class by addressing a classificatory shift of white English working-class males, who have moved from an ascribed primary socio-economic status to an embodied aesthetic performance. We examine the reconfiguration of social class within state schools and historical and contemporary shifting images of white working-class males within the education literature. We suggest the need to engage with a multi-dimensional explanatory frame in order to understand how working-class young men now inhabit a new cultural condition in the post-colonial urban space of inner-city schools. This shift is best captured by exploring the simultaneous articulations of multiple categories of difference – including class, gender, ethnicity, sexuality and generation – in relation to contemporary representations of social class.     

关于内接单形几个几何不等式及应用

应用几何不等式理论与解析方法,研究欧氏空间En中n维单形的几何不等式问题,建立了关于单形与其内接单形的两个不等式,推广了已有的结果,推广了著名的n维Euler不等式。     

Measuring scientific contributions with modified fractional counting

We develop and propose a new counting method at the aggregate level for contributions to scientific publications called modified fractional counting (MFC). We show that, compared to traditional complete-normalized fractional counting, it eliminates the extreme differences in contributions over time that otherwise occur between scientists that mainly publish alone or in small groups and those that publish with large groups of co-authors. As an extra benefit we find that scientists in different areas of research turn out to have comparable average contributions to scientific articles. We test the method on scientists at Norway’s largest universities and find that, at an aggregate level, it indeed supports comparability across different co-authorship practices as well as between areas of research. MFC is thereby useful whenever the research output from institutions with different research profiles are compared, as e.g., in the Leiden Ranking. Finally, as MFC is actually a family of indicators, depending on a sensitivity parameter, it can be adapted to the circumstances.     

Gender and research publishing in India: Uniformly high inequality?

Women’s access to academic careers has been historically limited by discrimination and cultural constraints. Comprehensive information about gender inequality within disciplines is needed to understand the problem and target remedial action. India is the fifth largest research producer but has a low international index of gender inequality and so is an important case. This study assesses gender inequalities in Indian journal article publishing in 2017 for 186 research fields. It also seeks overall gender differences in interests across academia by comparing the terms used in 27,710 articles with an Indian male or female first author. The data show that there are at least 1.5 male first authors per female first author in each of 26 broad fields and 2.8 male first authors per female first author overall. Compared to the USA, India has a much lower share of female first authors but smaller variations in gender differences between broad fields. Dentistry, Economics and Maths are all more female in India, but Veterinary is much less female than in the USA. There is a tendency for males to research thing-oriented topics and for females to research helping people and some life science topics. More initiatives to promote gender equality in science are needed to address the overall imbalance, but care should be taken to avoid creating the larger between-field gender differences found in the USA.     

关于(h,m)-凸函数乘积的Hadamard-型不等式及应用

建立一些关于（h,m）-凸函数乘积的新Hadamard-型不等式,得到的结果是对通常凸性、第2种意义下的s-凸性、m-凸性、h-凸性意义下的Hadamard-型不等式的推广.     

中国健康绩效的动态演进:公平与效率的权衡

利用中国健康与营养调查(CHNS)数据,计算了我国城乡健康扩展集中系数和健康绩效指数,结果显示:1991 - 2006年,城乡健康水平呈现下降趋势,最穷个体的健康下降程度最大;2000年以后,城乡健康标准集中系数显著为正,表明我国存在亲富人的健康不平等,高收入人群的健康状况更好;在平均健康水平逐渐下降,亲富人的健康不平...