Neuro‐linguistic programming and altered states: encouraging preparation for learning in the classroom for students with special educational needs

In seeking to identify the processes associated with the immediate engagement of learning for students with mild special educational needs, this study examined the responses of an extraction group (n = 7) of 11‐ to 13‐year‐old students who participated in a number of lessons in which the opening episode involved the use of visualisation techniques and language associated with representational systems as identified within neuro‐linguistic programming (NLP). Students endeavoured to alter their negative state to a positive state via this intervention. The study, by Voldis Kudliskis of South Dartmoor Community College, was of a naturalistic research design, and the students' experiences were explored by means of formal interviews, semi‐structured interviews, questionnaires and observations. The implications for altering state through techniques associated with NLP are described and evaluated in terms of student comments. The case is made for the process of altering state as a strategy to empower students to engage with their learning from the outset of the lesson.     

以科学管理导引文化自觉——北京市小学规范化工程的目的与方法

本文对北京市2007年开始的小学规范化建设工程设计进行分析，指出小学规范化建设的目的是提高质量，基线调查、合理规划和增值评价是提高质量的必然要求。基线调查为合理规划、增值评价积累了数据，奠定了基础，增值评价可以为规划的实施情况进行科学评价，三个方法之间是相互联系的。     

一种光学分数傅里叶变换系统

An alternative way to perform fractional Fourier transform is proposed. The system is illuminated by a divergent beam. It has one more degree of freedom in arrangement than the previous system. Mathematically, the choice of focal length of one of the two lenses depends on an easily adjustable parameter which determines the location of illuminating point source.     

浅谈中间件及其在电信服务中的应用

当前大型数据库应用系统的开发中较多采用中间件构成三层应用体系结构。在叙述中间件的基本概念和分布式多层体系结构的优点的基础上，介绍中间件在电信服务中使用的背景和使用的情况。     

如何搞好师专的计算机教学

本文主要论述了师专计算机教学的基本方法及搞好计算机教学的途径。     

科研项目选择的0-1目标规划模型

本文论述了科研项目选择问题的重要性，对常用的科研项目选择方法进行了述评。为克服常用方法的缺陷即无力解决具有资源约束的、多目标相互冲突且计量单位不可比的科研项目选择问题，本文提出了基于资源分配的科研项目选择的0—1目标规划模型。最后，对模型进行了测试运行，并对运行结果给出了详细的经济学解释。     

On the intrinsic value of information objects and the infosphere

What is the most general common set ofattributes that characterises something asintrinsically valuableand hence as subject to some moral respect, andwithout which something would rightly beconsidered intrinsically worthless or even positivelyunworthy and therefore rightly to bedisrespected in itself? Thispaper develops and supports the thesis that theminimal condition of possibility of an entity'sleast intrinsic value is to be identified with itsontological status as an information object.All entities, even when interpreted as only clusters ofinformation, still have a minimal moral worthqua information objects and so may deserve to be respected. Thepaper is organised into four main sections.Section 1 models moral action as an information systemusing the object-oriented programmingmethodology (OOP). Section 2 addresses the question of whatrole the several components constituting themoral system can have in an ethical analysis. If theycan play only an instrumental role, thenComputer Ethics (CE) is probably bound to remain at most apractical, field-dependent, applied orprofessional ethics. However, Computer Ethics can give rise to amacroethical approach, namely InformationEthics (IE), if one can show that ethical concern should beextended to include not only human, animal orbiological entities, but also information objects. Thefollowing two sections show how this minimalistlevel of analysis can be achieved. Section 3 provides anaxiological analysis of information objects. Itcriticises the Kantian approach to the concept ofintrinsic value and shows that it can beimproved by using the methodology introduced in the first section.The solution of the Kantian problem prompts thereformulation of the key question concerningthe moral worth of an entity: what is theintrinsic value of x qua an object constituted by itsinherited attributes? In answering thisquestion, it is argued that entitiescan share different observable propertiesdepending on the level of abstraction adopted,and that it is still possible to speak of moral value even at thehighest level of ontological abstractionrepresented by the informational analysis. Section 4 develops aminimalist axiology based on the concept ofinformation object. It further supports IE's position byaddressing five objections that may undermineits acceptability.     

基于IOWA算子的组合预测方法

有序加权平均(OWA)算子是近年来发展的在多属性决策中用于集结各决策者的偏好信息或方案优选的方法。通过引进诱导有序加权平均(IOWA)算子，提出了以误差平方和为准则新的组合预测模型，给出了IOWA权系数的确定的数学规划方法。该模型能提高组合预测精度，最后的实例分析表明了模型的有效性。     

用于计算离散分数阶傅立叶变换的MA-CDFRFT算法改进

基于中心类型DFT矩阵特征分解的MA-CDFRFT(Multiangle Centered Discrete Fractional Fourier Transform)算法在计算一组离散分数阶傅立叶变换DFRFT(Discrete Fractional Fourier Transform)时充分利用FFT运算来减小运算量。结合偶数点离散傅立叶变换DFT(Discrete Fourier Transform)运算的对称性原理，通过数学推导将MA-CDFRFT算法中的一维对称性扩展到频率和变换阶数的二维平面上。利用这个二维对称性原理，改进算法将原算法的主要计算量减小了一半左右。仿真测试结果证明了改进算法的正确性。     

Measuring scientific contributions with modified fractional counting

We develop and propose a new counting method at the aggregate level for contributions to scientific publications called modified fractional counting (MFC). We show that, compared to traditional complete-normalized fractional counting, it eliminates the extreme differences in contributions over time that otherwise occur between scientists that mainly publish alone or in small groups and those that publish with large groups of co-authors. As an extra benefit we find that scientists in different areas of research turn out to have comparable average contributions to scientific articles. We test the method on scientists at Norway’s largest universities and find that, at an aggregate level, it indeed supports comparability across different co-authorship practices as well as between areas of research. MFC is thereby useful whenever the research output from institutions with different research profiles are compared, as e.g., in the Leiden Ranking. Finally, as MFC is actually a family of indicators, depending on a sensitivity parameter, it can be adapted to the circumstances.