Parasocial relationships with disliked television characters,depressive symptoms,and loneliness among older adults

ABSTRACT

This study considered how older adults’ parasocial relationships with disliked television characters predict depressive symptoms and loneliness, as well as how attachment styles and real-life romantic relationship quality moderate these associations. Adults aged 55 and older reported on their most disliked television character and romantic relationship functioning in a self-administered survey, and hierarchical multiple regressions were used to test the data. Results revealed that older adults with low attachment avoidance and low-quality romantic relationships demonstrated the largest increases in their depressive symptoms and loneliness as their antagonistic parasocial relationships increased in intensity. Applied implications of these findings are considered, such as alternative outlets to which older adults with low attachment avoidance and low-quality romantic relationships might turn (e.g. community volunteering, relationships with children, grandchildren, and friends) if their romantic and parasocial relationships are not conducive to fostering mental well-being.     

Attachment,self-esteem and test anxiety in adolescence and early adulthood

The purpose of this study was to assess how attachment dimensions (anxiety and avoidance), self-esteem, and three subscales of test anxiety – cognitive obstruction, social derogation and tenseness are related in two age groups: adolescents and college students. Participants (N?=?327) completed relevant questionnaires. Results showed that college students revealed higher test anxiety than did high school students on the cognitive obstruction and tenseness scales, whereas high school students revealed higher social derogation than college students. Anxious attachment was related to all three sub-scales of test anxiety and avoidant attachment was related to cognitive obstruction among college students and to tenseness among high school students. Most of the correlations between anxious attachment and test anxiety were mediated by self-esteem among high school students. The mediation ability of self-esteem was weaker among college students.     

Emotional and behavioural development in Glasgow primary schools

Studies examining the well-being of British children find that about 5–10% are at risk of developing problems. This study aimed to examine the emotional and behavioural development of six to eight year olds in an area of socio-economic deprivation in Glasgow (Scotland) and compare this with UK norms. Furthermore, it aimed to look at overlap between the problems children had. It was a population-based survey involving parents and teachers of 1658 children. The study found that the overall emotional and behavioural development in this deprived population was surprisingly similar to UK norms. There was however a small group of children with overlapping problems. There is an emphasis within Glasgow on supporting young people's social, emotional and behavioural needs, particularly with regard to nurture and attachment. Implications of Glasgow initiatives are discussed, and their potential role in helping children from deprived backgrounds maintain levels of emotional and behavioural development in line with UK norms and, in particular, this group with overlapping problems is explored.     

Factors Influencing Supervisee Perceptions of Critical Feedback Validity

The authors investigated supervisees’ (N = 93) memories of critical feedback and validity ratings of that feedback. Supervisees most often recalled critical feedback about their counseling performance skills. Attachment avoidance, the supervisory relationship, and critical feedback of counseling skills and professional behaviors were significantly related to perceived feedback validity.     

"注重风教”的价值观念--论古代戏曲导演理论

儒家学说“注重风教”的观点对于古代戏曲导演理论的影响至深至远。儒家重视思想教化和陶冶情操、协调人际关系等精神要义，成为戏曲导演艺术创作的主流和传统。在中国古代戏曲导演史上，追求戏曲艺术对于人的陶冶、教育作用以及对于社会的重大责任感，始终是指导古代戏曲导演创作的一个恒久不变的艺术准则。     

C++语言中运算符重载的应用研究

重载是C 语言的特性之一,它与内联(inline)、const和virtual构成了C 语言的四种新机制。它主要包括函数重载和运算符重载。文中重在讲述操作符重载的应用和注意事项,并通过实例使读者深入体会操作符重载在C 语言中的灵活应用。     

成人依恋类型影响社交焦虑障碍发生的回归分析

本研究的目的在于对成人依恋类型与社交焦虑障碍的关系进行深入探讨，为建立SAD的成人依恋心理表征模型提供依据。结果表明：成人依恋先占类型对社交焦虑障碍发生的影响作用是正常组的4．48倍，而拒绝类型对社交焦虑障碍发生的影响作用是正常组的4．76倍，恐惧类型对社交焦虑障碍发生的影响作用是正常组的66．67倍。成人依恋类型是SAD发病的核心因素，就像一个桥梁，其他因子是围绕着成人依恋不同的类型表现而起着不同的影响。     

Socioemotional and behavioural adaptation of students with disabilities: the significance of teacher–student attachment-like relationships

The present study explores the extent to which maternal attachment and teacher–student attachment-like relationships explain the socioemotional adaptation of students with disabilities. Participants consisted of 65 dyads of homeroom teachers and their students (from a middle-to-low-class area in Northern Israel) with learning disabilities (LD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and LD/ADHD-co-morbidity (mean age = 10.9). Students were assessed based on the maternal attachment security scale (ASS) and the appraisal of the teacher as a secure base scale. Homeroom teachers completed the student-teacher security scale. Third-party teachers reported on students’ school adaptation. Results indicated that beyond the disability factor, secure teacher-student relationships reduced the students’ externalising problem behaviours and improved student learning proficiencies that are considered to be affected by the adequacy of executive functioning. Additionally, maternal attachment reduced internalising problem behaviours. Implications for the protective role of teachers of students with disabilities and for research on teacher–student relationship quality are discussed.     

儿童依恋的研究及其新进展

依恋是一个个体与另一个个体在长期的交往中形成的一种强烈的、持久的情感联结。研究表明,早期依恋的性质深刻地影响着成年之后的人际关系和精神健康。本文主要以依恋的研究历史为线索综述依恋概念的提出、依恋形成发展理论等几个方面的内容,并简单提出在依恋研究领域有待进一步研究的问题。     

非智力因素对教学过程的影响及其定量分析

非智力因素对教学过程影响的定量化分析,可以使教育工作者从中看到各种非智力因素对教学过程的影响并非等同,从而使教师在今后的教学中有针对性地对学生进行非智力因素的培养,以达到事半功倍的效果。