近20年国内外国家公园游憩研究综述

国家公园游憩研究对保护国家公园生态系统和满足国民游憩需求具有重要意义,是近20年来资源经济学和游憩生态学的研究热点。对2000—2019年间国内外国家公园游憩研究现状及成果进行了系统性总结和梳理,研究发现:①国内外国家公园游憩研究受到广泛关注,相关研究成果主要集中在国家公园游憩的功能分区、业态发展、设施建设、评价、主体、环境影响及管理等7个方面,形成了“一个基础、四大主题、两种手段”的研究内容框架。②国家公园游憩研究方法以定量研究为主、定性研究为辅,基于国家公园大数据和GIS空间分析技术的定性与定量相结合研究需今后重点关注。③欧美学者研究起步早,构建了较为完善的国家公园游憩理论体系与管理框架;比较而言,国内研究仍处于探索阶段,中国学者在国家公园游憩领域进行了较多的本土化尝试,为国际上相关研究提供了中国案例,但理论建构研究相对不足。基于文献梳理与评述,提出未来中国国家公园游憩研究需进一步深入的方向：加强基础理论研究、完善游憩评价技术方法、开展多学科视角的游憩主体研究、深化游憩管理研究,希冀对中国国家公园相关研究及体制试点建设有所启示。     

Understanding the track and field sprint start through a functional analysis of the external force features which contribute to higher levels of block phase performance

This study aimed to identify the continuous ground reaction force (GRF) features which contribute to higher levels of block phase performance. Twenty-three sprint-trained athletes completed starts from their preferred settings during which GRFs were recorded separately under each block. Continuous features of the magnitude and direction of the resultant GRF signals which explained 90% of the variation between the sprinters were identified. Each sprinter’s coefficient score for these continuous features was then input to a linear regression model to predict block phase performance (normalised external power). Four significant (p < 0.05) predictor features associated with GRF magnitude were identified; there were none associated with GRF direction. A feature associated with greater rear block GRF magnitudes from the onset of the push was the most important predictor (β = 1.185), followed by greater front block GRF magnitudes for the final three-quarters of the push (β = 0.791). Features which included a later rear block exit (β = 0.254) and greater front leg GRF magnitudes during the mid-push phase (β = 0.224) were also significant predictors. Sprint practitioners are encouraged, where possible, to consider the continuous magnitude of the GRFs produced throughout the block phase in addition to selected discrete values.     

乒乓球运动员以预防损伤为主的功能训练

功能训练的理念来源于康复领域,现已逐步应用到运动训练中。由于乒乓球运动的项目特征,乒乓球运动员肩关节、腰椎关节、膝关节、踝关节、腕关节等部位容易出现运动损伤。通过对乒乓球运动员常出现的功能问题进行分析,寻找存在的常见问题,进而提出相应的功能训练建议。乒乓球运动员可根据情况,增加改善肩关节、胸椎关节、髋关节、踝关节的活动范围的训练,提高肩胛骨、核心和下肢稳定性的训练,以及改善肩袖、躯干肌力不平衡的训练,通过针对性的功能训练有效减少乒乓球运动员损伤的发生。     

The application of inertial measurement units and functional principal component analysis to evaluate movement in the forward 3½ pike somersault springboard dive

Based on technological and analytical advances, the capability to more accurately and finitely examine biomechanical and skill characteristics of movement has improved. The purpose of this study was to use Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) and Functional Principal Components Analysis (fPCA) to examine the role of movement variability (assessed via angular velocity), on 2 divers (1 international level; 1 national) performing the forward 3½ pike somersault dive. Analysis of angular velocity curves during ive-flight identified 5 fPCs, accounting for 96.5% of movement variability. The national diver’s scatter plots and standard deviation of fPC scores illustrated larger magnitudes of angular velocity variability across dive flight. For fPC1 and fPC3, magnitudes of SD variability were 282.6 and 201.5, respectively. The international diver illustrated more consistent angular velocity profiles, with clustering of fPCs scores (e.g., fPC1 & 3 = SD’s of 75.2 & 68.0). To account for lower variability in the international diver, the ability to better coordinate movement sequences and functionally utilise feedback in response to initiation of the somersault position is highlighted. Overall, findings highlight how both IMUs and fPCA can more holistically and finitely examine the biomechanical and skill characteristics of movement sequences with the capability to inform athlete development.     

基于贝叶斯网络的验证激励向量生成研究

为了解决传统数字芯片验证环节中基于仿真的验证（或动态验证）功能覆盖率收敛速度慢的缺点,提出一种新的以功能覆盖为导向的测试用例生成方法,该方法基于贝叶斯网络和机器学习技术,可实现从覆盖模型到测试用例生成器反馈回路的自动关闭,在 DUT 的验证过程中,使用该方法为所测试的设计生成新的激励。实验结果表明,基于贝叶斯网络的 CDG 技术测试用例使用较少,覆盖率收敛更快,与传统基于仿真的验证技术相比,测试用例数量减少了 43%。基于贝叶斯网络的 比于传统动态验证技术而言其芯片功能验证更完善。     

RNA干涉技术

RNAi是双链RNA介导的、序列特异性的转录后基因沉默，自1998年发现至今已有很大进展。本文综述了RNA干涉的分子机理及其应用研究进展。     

结构基因组学与蛋白质核磁共振(NMR)光谱

阐述了核磁共振光谱在蛋白质结构基因组学研究中的重要作用,包括核磁共振光谱在结构基因组学研究中的优点和缺点,研究技术进展和展望。     

基于佩特里网的技术系统演化模型研究

深入探讨技术系统演化的微观动力机制以及技术系统结构对技术创新的作用,促进企业把握技术系统演化规律、识别技术系统演化主要要素,从而获取和保持竞争优势。从技术系统功能结构出发,运用功能结构建模与佩特里网（Petri net, PN）结合的动态功能分析方法,以共享单车为例,利用从智慧芽专利数据库检索出的相关专利文本,构建以功能树形式呈现的技术系统功能结构;并引入时间维度构建随机佩特里网（stochastic Petri net,SPN）模型,从稳定概率、库所繁忙率和变迁利用率三方面反映技术系统演化的主要功能要素,通过仿真计算不同条件下各功能模块变化对技术系统的影响,得出需要优化反馈车辆状况和更新或升级软件两个关键功能。实证结果表明,技术系统的核心功能导致技术系统演化,识别关键核心功能有助于把握技术系统演化的重点和方向;SPN模型可以用来识别驱动技术系统演化的关键功能动态元素。     

功能性训练:释义与应用

功能训练起源于康复领域,在有效性得到证实后逐步渗透到竞技体育领域,成为体能训练的重要方法。近年来,我国教练员试图将功能性训练用于竞技体育训练,遇到理论上的困惑。研究功能性训练的科学背景、概念界定和内涵、功能训练原则,理清功能性训练和传统训练,功能性训练和核心训练的关系,为我国现代体能训练方法体系科学化奠定基础。