The benefits and limitations of using ultrasonography to supplement anatomical understanding

Anatomical understanding is critical to medical education. With reduced teaching time and limited cadaver availability, it is important to investigate how best to utilize in vivo imaging to supplement anatomical understanding and better prepare medical graduates for the proliferation of point‐of‐care imaging in the future. To investigate whether using short sessions of in vivo imaging using ultrasonography could benefit students' anatomical knowledge and clinical application, we conducted a 2‐hour session on abdominal anatomy using ultrasonography in small groups of five to six students, for both first‐ and second‐year student cohorts. Individual feedback was collected to assess student perceptions. To measure retention and understanding, a short examination containing ultrasound images and questions and performance of a clinical skill (gastrointestinal' tract examination) were assessed. Ultrasonography sessions were highly valued by the students, with 90% of the students reporting their understanding was improved, and over 70% reporting increased confidence in their anatomical knowledge. However, the assessments showed no appreciable impact on skills or understanding related to abdominal anatomy and examination. We conclude that the risk associated with limited exposure increasing confidence without increasing skills remains real and that in vivo imaging is not effective when used as a short adjunct teaching tool. The widespread use of ultrasonography means finding the best way to incorporate ultrasound into medical education remains important. To this end, we are currently implementing an extended program including echocardiography and multiple anatomical sessions that will determine if frequency and repetition of use can positively impact on student performance and understanding. Anat Sci Educ. © 2013 American Association of Anatomists.     

The translucent cadaver: A follow‐up study to gauge the efficacy of implementing changes suggested by students

In a study conducted in 2011, the use of full body digital X‐ray images (Lodox^® Statscan^®) and drawings were described for surface anatomy education during which suggestions were made by students on how to improve the method. Educational innovations should continuously be adjusted and improved to provide the best possible scenario for student learning. This study, therefore, reports on the efficacy of implementing some of these suggestions. Suggestions incorporated into the follow‐up study included: (1) The inclusion of eight strategically placed labeled digital X‐ray images to the dissection halls, (2) The placement of both labeled and unlabeled digital X‐ray images online, (3) The inclusion of informal oral questions on surface anatomy during dissection, (4) The requirement of students to submit individual drawings in addition to group drawings into their portfolios, and (5) Integrating information on how to recognize anatomical structures on X‐rays into gross anatomy lectures given prior to dissection. Students were requested to complete an anonymous questionnaire. The results of the drawings, tests and questionnaires were compared to the results from the 2011 cohort. During 2012, an increased usage of the digital X‐rays and an increase in practical test marks in three out of the four modules (statistically significant only in the cardiovascular module) were reported. More students from the 2012 cohort believed the images enhanced their experience of learning surface anatomy and that its use should be continued in future. The suggested changes, therefore, had a positive effect on surface anatomy education. Anat Sci Educ 6: 433–439. © 2013 American Association of Anatomists.     

一类二阶非线性泛函微分方程的振动准则

讨论一类二阶非线性泛函微分方程（a（t）y′（t）σ）′＋q（t）F（y（t）,y（τ（t）））g（y′（t））=0在F（u,ν）=f（ν）∈C（R,R）这一特殊情形时方程解的振动性,得到此类方程的解振动性的充分判据,所获得的结果可应用于σ是分母为奇数时的情形,改进了一些文献中的相应结论。     

锚原子对碳原子链电子输运性质的影响

模拟了两侧包附苯环的碳原子链通过二硫代羧基和硫醇基与金电极（111）面连接组成的分子结的电子输运特性。计算结果表明,锚基团的调制可以改变整个分子器件的电子输运性质。在苯环两侧的锚基团都是二硫代羧基的情况下,在体系电流-电压曲线上发现了新奇的负微分电阻现象;当苯环两侧的锚基团分别为二硫代羧基和硫醇基时,整个体系表现出明显的分子整流效应。     

基于社会化语义网的教育资源共建共享初探——以构建高校数字化学习资源中心为例

目前,我国的网络教育资源建设面临资源低水平重复建设、资源整体质量不高、资源共享困难等难题。文章从万维网的发展方向和教育信息化的发展要求两个方面出发,以构建基于社会化语义网的高校数字化学习资源中心为例探讨了社会化语义网在资源共建共享方面的作用。文章详细介绍了基于社会化语义网的学习资源中心的设计思路、功能模块,初步探索了其在教育教学中的应用,为网络教育资源共建共享提供了一种新的思路。     

论大学的文化职能

大学是文化集中集聚的场所,文化职能作为大学的第四大职能在我国已现端倪.大学文化职能的功能构成中,文化的选择、传承、解释、创新、传播、引领、验证等七个功能最为重要.     

理论研究中的量子化学计算方法

量子化学近阶段的高度发展使量子力学在自然科学各个领域都发挥着非常重要的作用,然而量子力学概念非常抽象,其主要包括求解Harree Fock—Roothaan方程、半经验方法和密度泛函等,用于化学反应中的理论计算,可以找出势能面的最低能量,从而对反应机理的研究有很大的促进作用．     

副词“比较”的功能扩展及语义、语用考察——当代汉语相对程度副词主观性与功能扩展

“比较”是使用频率较高的一个程度副词,在其功能演化扩展的过程中,语义上,该词逐步从相对副词范畴扩展到绝对副词范畴;语用上,从肯定式扩展到否定式。追本溯源,“比较”的功能扩展是语用表达需要和语言结构内部调整共同作用的结果。文章主要以副词“比较”相对程度义作为该词的语法意义的原型范畴,考察该词的功能演化轨迹,描述其现实表现,并对相关问题进行探讨。     

具有混杂耦合的耦合时滞神经网络同步的进一步分析

为了探讨混杂耦合现象对时滞神经网络系统同步的影响,通过选取一个改进的时滞依赖Lyapunov-Krasovskii泛函,基于线性矩阵不等式（LMI）,建立了一个保守性更小的渐近同步准则.该准则采用矩阵Kronecker积与凸组合等方法,充分考虑了变时滞与其导函数的上下界.通过调整准则中的耦合矩阵参数并运用Matlab工具箱LMI进行求解,能够实现所探讨耦合神经系统的设计与应用.最后,通过一个仿真算例说明了所得结论的有效性与适用性.