Teaching students with Autism Spectrum Disorders: What are the needs of educational professionals?

The academic achievements of students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are usually lower than those of their peers. It is therefore important to know what educational professionals need to provide these students with optimal support. To identify these needs, we applied Q methodology, a qualitative method using quantitative techniques. We found four groups of professionals with different needs. The first group emphasized a need for collaboration within school; the second valued practical suggestions to guide their teaching, the third emphasized gaining more confidence to teach students with ASD, and the fourth group focused on enhancing students’ social and communication skills.     

Why do theories matter? The Czech scholarships programme for students from developing countries examined through different theoretical lenses

Theoretical understanding of development-oriented international scholarships programmes becomes critical for their planning, implementation and evaluation. This article thus firstly overviews different theories thorough which these programmes can be comprehended and identifies their focal parameters. These parameters are then examined empirically on a case study of the Czech international scholarship programme for students from developing countries. The analysis draws on quantitative and qualitative data collated earlier for its two subsequent external evaluations covering the period 2008–2017. We found substantial deficiencies with respect to the programme’s declared goals linked to the reasoning behind the human capital model, the rights-based approach and the soft-power perspective. By contrast, the programme seems to work comparatively well when assessed from the perspective of the capability approach, even though this rationale did not resonate in the programme’s strategy. Historical institutionalism and the garbage can model provide useful frameworks for explaining policymaking behind the Czech programme and the identified conflicts between the declared goals and the actual performance.     

Organizing workers and machine learning tools for a less oppressive workplace

Machine learning tools are increasingly infiltrating everyday work life with implications for workers. By looking at machine learning tools as part of a sociotechnical system, we explore how machine learning tools enforce oppression of workers. We theorize, normatively, that with reorganizing processes in place, oppressive characteristics could be converted to emancipatory characteristics. Drawing on Paulo Freire’s critical theory of emancipatory pedagogy, we outline similarities between the characteristics Freire saw in oppressive societies and the characteristics of currently designed partnerships between humans and machine learning tools. Freire’s theory offers a way forward in reorganizing humans and machine learning tools in the workplace. Rather than advocating human control or the decoupling of workers and machines, we follow Freire’s theory in proposing four processes for emancipatory organizing of human and machine learning partnership: 1) awakening of a critical consciousness, 2) enabling role freedom, 3) instituting incentives and sanctions for accountability, and 4) identifying alternative emancipatory futures. Theoretical and practical implications of this emancipatory organizing theory are drawn.     

Teachers talk about inclusion… but can they implement it in their classroom? Exploring teachers’ views on inclusion in a Scottish secondary school

Although there is much research regarding the inclusion of pupils with additional support needs (ASN) in mainstream secondary education, there is little research specifically exploring the perspectives of staff who support and teach this population. This small-scale exploratory study in a Scottish secondary school investigated staff perspectives, aiming to provide unique insights and personal accounts of issues pertaining to inclusion. The findings suggest that there is a need to increase the skills of staff in order for them to be suitably equipped, competent and confident to meet all pupils’ needs.     

浅谈广播电视变革对主持人未来的影响

一方面媒介形式急剧变化、新媒体层出不穷,另一方面制度变化、制播分离即将落实,几年前尚朦胧的变革或已经成为现实或者即将发生,日益迫近的变革到底会对播音主持行业带来怎样的冲击值得思考。     

正确认识马克思、恩格斯对未来社会的预测

马克思、恩格斯在坚持唯物史观的基础上,提出了"人的全面自由发展"理论,这为我国当今的科学发展观这一伟大战略思想的核心"以人为本"提供了理论基础,对我国构建和谐社会和特色社会主义的建设引领了方向。     

股指期货的会计核算

股指期货是以股票指数作为交易标的物的金融期货,具有较高的杠杆性和风险性,并具有套期保值作用。根据《企业会计准则》的相关规定,提出股指期货的会计核算,以期指导会计实务工作。     

时间维度上的自我评价

自我评价既包括对现在自我的评价,也包括对过去自我和将来自我的评价。为了维护和提升现在的自尊,人们积极评价主观近的过去自我,消极评价远的过去自我,特别是在重要的特征上;并将积极的过去自我知觉为近的,消极的知觉为远的。主观近的过去自我直接影响现在的自我评价,远的对现在的自我评价的影响很小或有一种对比效应。对将来自我的评价,也是为了提升现在的自尊,将来自我的积极事件和消极事件的主观时间距离知觉也存在着不对称性。该领域的研究可向密切关系、特殊群体的时间自我评价模式拓展,验证时间自我评价理论跨文化的普适性,并深入探讨其动力机制。