Four pitfalls in normalizing citation indicators: An investigation of ESI’s selection of highly cited papers

InCites Essential Science Indicators is becoming increasingly used to identify top-performing research and evaluate the impact of institutes. Unfortunately, our study shows that ESI indicators, as well as other normalized citation indicators, have the following flaws. First, the publication month and the online-to-print delay affect a paper’s probability of becoming a Highly Cited Paper (HCP). Papers published in the earlier months of the year are more likely to accumulate enough citation counts to rank at the top 1% compared with those published in later months of the year. Papers with longer online-to-print delays have an apparent advantage for being selected as HCPs. Research field normalizations lead to the third pitfall. Different research fields have different citation thresholds for HCPs, making research field classification important for a journal. In addition, the uniform thresholds for both articles and reviews in ESI affect the reliability of HCP selection because, on average, reviews tend to have higher citation rates than articles. ESI’s selection of HCPs provides an intuitive feel for the problems of normalized citation impact indicators, such as those provided in InCites and SciVal.     

数字调制类型的识别及实现

通信信号的调制识别是目前研究的热点问题.本文给出一种新的数字调制信号识别方法.高速数字专用芯片ADSP2101是此方法具体实现的重要器件,这一方法在实际通信中有着广泛的应用.     

Judges’ delivery of ground rules to child witnesses in Australian courts

Ground rules directions are given to children in forensic interviews to explain what is expected of them, and to reduce their tendency to acquiesce to erroneous or incomprehensible questions. Ground rules may also be necessary when children provide testimony in court. Drawing on research conducted for the Australian Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse, the present study examined the use of ground rules directions delivered in court in 52 trials by 24 presiding judges in three jurisdictions to 57 child complainants (aged 7–17.5 years). Eleven categories of rules were identified. The number of words spoken to deliver each rule was counted, and grade-level readability scores were calculated as a proxy for the complexity of the ground rules. When judges asked comprehension or practice questions, the question types were coded. More than one third of the children (35%) received no ground rules directions from the judge; the remaining 65% received directions on an average of 3.5 types of ground rules out of a maximum of 11 types. While comprehension questions were common, practice questions were rare. Comprehension questions were most often presented in a yes/no format that implied the expected response, although this form of question is unlikely to provide an effective assessment of a child's comprehension. Neither the number of rules delivered nor the number of words used was related to children's age. Implications for children's court testimony are discussed.     

南朝诸家玄言诗批评发微

南朝玄言诗批评有别于两晋之时提出的"韵灵旨清"的审美标准。檀道鸾、沈约、江淹、刘勰、钟嵘等人物的批评,并非从其审美标准而言,而渐有以宗《诗》的儒家诗学标准评价玄言诗,且梁代前后稍有不同。     

Employ Game Teaching Method in the Primary School English Classroom

on the basis of linguistics, psychology and other related theory, we should carry out game teaching method to make students learn easily and happily because of the lack of interest and other problems i...     

Writer identification approach based on bag of words with OBI features

Handwriter identification aims to simplify the task of forensic experts by providing them with semi-automated tools in order to enable them to narrow down the search to determine the final identification of an unknown handwritten sample. An identification algorithm aims to produce a list of predicted writers of the unknown handwritten sample ranked in terms of confidence measure metrics for use by the forensic expert will make the final decision.Most existing handwriter identification systems use either statistical or model-based approaches. To further improve the performances this paper proposes to deploy a combination of both approaches using Oriented Basic Image features and the concept of graphemes codebook. To reduce the resulting high dimensionality of the feature vector a Kernel Principal Component Analysis has been used. To gauge the effectiveness of the proposed method a performance analysis, using IAM dataset for English handwriting and ICFHR 2012 dataset for Arabic handwriting, has been carried out. The results obtained achieved an accuracy of 96% thus demonstrating its superiority when compared against similar techniques.     

An NCME Instructional Module on Data Mining Methods for Classification and Regression

Data mining methods for classification and regression are becoming increasingly popular in various scientific fields. However, these methods have not been explored much in educational measurement. This module first provides a review, which should be accessible to a wide audience in education measurement, of some of these methods. The module then demonstrates using three real‐data examples that these methods may lead to an improvement over traditionally used methods such as linear and logistic regression in educational measurement.     

单向S-粗模糊集

结合模糊集理论和单向S-粗集理论,基于动态系统提出了单向S-粗模糊集的概念、结构及其性质,对此进行了讨论并给出应用实例。     

浅析现代篮球运动特点和作用

本文从篮球的技术动作结构，竞赛规则，攻守对抗的特殊之处与其它同类项目加以比较，分析、概括，力求找出蓝球运动的特殊所在，目的是全面地、深刻地认识它，科学地去掌握它，发展它和完善它。     

应收账款管理创新研究

在传统应收账款管理方法的基础上，企业应运用维．帕累托(Vilfredo．Pareto)最优分析法对应收账款进行分类管理。即把已有客户分为核心客户、主要客户和一般客户，对他们实行不同的信用管理。对新客户运用稳健分析模型进行信用分析，然后做出销售决策。对销售人员确立应收账款管理目标，以应收账款质量提高作为目标管理的主要内容，企业销售人员的考核与应收账款质量的提高挂钩，建立应收账款管理的激励和约束机制。