日本大学生运动员运动成就动机的性别,项目和运动经验年数差异

以日本一所大学４０６名运动员为对象，实施了含有５个测度的竞技动机量表（ＣＭＩ；叶平，１９９３）。性别×项目×运动经验年数的方差分析显示了下述有意义的差异：（１）男子在获胜愿望和娱乐这些ＣＭＩ测度上的分数高于女子；（２）集体项目的运动员在获胜愿望、社会承认和娱乐测度上的分数高于个人项目的运动员，在自我挑战测度上的分数低于个人项目的运动员；（３）运动经验年数多的运动员在获胜愿望测度上的分数，高于运动经验年数少的运动员。     

革命中的男女平等理想与实际状况--对革命圣地延安之女性地位的考察

自从私有制产生以来,男女的地位就是不平等的。这种不平等给女性带来了巨大的苦难。共产党把人类解放,其中也包括妇女解放当做自己的奋斗目标,并且也确实为实现这一目标进行了坚持不懈的努力。与国统区相比,延安妇女的地位有空前提高,但无可否认的是男女不平等的状况在延安依然存在。这说明要真正把男女平等由理想落到实处,不是一蹴而就,而是一个与旧思想、旧观念、旧习惯作斗争的艰苦过程。而这对于我们在新的历史时期构建男女平等新常态,也不无启示意义。     

社会性别理论视角下的女大学生创业制约因素及其对策分析

大学生就业形势日趋严峻,女大学生就业难,已成为社会无法回避的现实问题。在国家以创业促进就业政策鼓励推动下,虽然越来越多的女大学生走上自主创业之路,但创业之路充满艰辛。本文基于社会性别理论视角,对江苏省48所高校46个本科专业660名创业女大学生进行了调查,对女大学生的创业特点、制约因素进行了深入分析后,提出了对策及建议。     

Gender Verifications in Sport: From an East/West Antagonism to a North/South Antagonism

This paper aims to analyze gender verifications in sport from a socio-historical approach. These medical controls intended to keep men from competing in women's international competitions. Some female athletes are put through a masculinization trial, because of morphologies and performances judged as too masculine. Facing these athletes who disrupt the representation of a binary construction between the male sex and the female sex, sports institutions attempt to maintain a sexual bi-categorization. More precisely, this paper will present the ‘symbolic’ suppression of tests since 2000. Thereafter, authorities only rely on an aesthetic and visual assessment of female bodies and no longer use tests in a systematic and obligatory fashion. This reveals the moving boundary subjectively plotted between the masculine and the feminine, which become all the more blurred when the ‘race and class markers’ interfere with the ‘sex markers’.     

Television—the Housewife's Choice? The 1949 Mass Observation Television Directive,Reluctance and Revision

This article considers the responses of women, many of whom describe themselves as housewives, in the 1949 Mass Observation Television Directive, in order to interrogate some of the broader assumptions around television's relationship with ‘the housewife’ as key to its success. Against the backcloth of social histories revising ideas about gender, modernity and suburbia in the post-war period, this article considers some of the ways in which initial reluctance towards television was recorded and negotiated. It presents three themes around tensions between home and leisure, the domestication of entertainment and ‘going out’, and the appreciation of particular genre, which suggest that the adoption of television as mass entertainment by women might not have been as smooth a process as we have come to understand.     

#MeToo,sexual harassment: an article,a forum,and a dream for the future

#MeToo has breathed new life into the women’s movement and especially into understanding and rectifying sexual harassment, abuse and assault. It has galvanized activists around the globe. And it has placed thousands of stories of the harassed in full view of the public. Sexual harassment, abuse and assault may occur within the organizational context or beyond; but sexual harassment, in particular has been legally labeled an organizational phenomenon. With this in mind, Robin Clair frames the early part of this article around the most recent organizational communication theories (see the appendix for an overview of these theories). Following the essay is a forum, in which invited scholars address questions related to the #MeToo movement.     

罗丝:父权社会的“木偶”

美国作家杰克·伦敦的小说《马丁·伊登》自出版以来备受关注,主人公马丁·伊登更是批评界争论的焦点。许多批评者认为,女主人公罗丝是"谋害"男主人公马丁·伊登的"凶手"。但从性别视角来看,罗丝并非"凶手",而是受害者。整个故事中,罗丝受制于父权社会,扮演"引诱天使"和"驯兽师"诱惑、规训马丁·伊登,是一只不能"自我言说"的"沉默羔羊"。     

论《聊斋志异》中的“阴盛阳衰”现象

中国封建社会长期以来都是以男性角色占主导的社会,文学是现实的反映,这种历史现象无疑会映射到当时的文学作品中去,然而蒲松龄的《聊斋志异》中却出现了引人注目的"阴盛阳衰"现象。文章试图从女性意识的强化和男性意识的弱化两方面对这一现象进行分析,并试图找出出现这种现象的原因所在,从而为解读《聊斋志异》提供一个较为独特的视角。     

中央政策的决策者与目标群体之博弈--以退耕还林政策为例

中央政策的决策者与政策调整对象的目标群体在政策执行中面临资源的稀缺性,双方存在利益相对独立性,致使博弈的合作往往短暂,博弈的不合作则为常态。退耕还林政策的中央决策者与目标群体表现为囚徒困境和性别之战的两种不合作博弈,前者源于背弃是最优化的主导策略,后者源于收益差别从而协调难成,使集体理性处于困境。综合两种博弈类型与结构,要改变不合作博弈图景,实现合作下的集体理性,须创制第三方制约力量、完善信息沟通机制、健全政策体系。     

The unacknowledged value of female academic labour power for male research careers

Academic work in Sweden's higher education system is changing character. Distinctly different career pathways are emerging, as facilities for developing research careers and capital have become both more restricted and more dependent on external funding. These developments are in focus in the present article. Based on ethnographic research and a series of semi-structured interviews with new academics and senior academic mentors in education faculties, the research suggests that several factors intercede in how careers are developed and experienced. The unacknowledged exploitation of female academic labour is perhaps amongst the more significant of these.